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Biostatistics is the science of inferring knowledge from data and is a cornerstone for all areas of cancer research. Research in biostatistics is dynamic; improved methods are being developed and new controversies arise. The application of biostatistics in cancer research presents unique challenges, which we aim to highlight in this special issue. The collection will include both solicited and submitted content and will include tutorials and commentaries on the use or misuse of statistical methods as well as original research into new statistical methods. The focus will be on the considerations that must be made because of the special nature of cancer and cancer research. We are, for example, planning tutorial papers on competing risks, evaluating surrogate endpoints, and the concepts of relative and net survival. Guest edited by Professor Paul Dickman, Dr Michael Sachs and Dr Sandra Eloranta from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.