Editorials

Clean, green conferencing p257

Big conferences are good for science. But because many researchers fly in, these events are also bad for the environment. What can be done to redress the balance?

doi:10.1038/432257a

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A chance for growth p257

With the right safeguards, a national institute could give a much-needed boost to agricultural research in the United States.

doi:10.1038/432257b

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News

Campaign to fight malaria hit by surge in demand for medicine p259

Drug shortfall undermining efforts to reduce death toll.

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/432259a

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Europe's stem-cell workers pull together p260

Policy changes help to push collaborative network.

Federica Castellani

doi:10.1038/432260a

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Grade expectations for German research institutes p260

Rating system set to score all science centres.

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/432260b

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WHO calls for vaccine boost to prepare for flu pandemic p261

Officials stress need for urgent action.

Erika Check

doi:10.1038/432261a

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Grant-transfer plan paves the way for European mobility p261

Agreement allows scientists to take funding abroad

Barbara Simm

doi:10.1038/432261b

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Molecular biology enjoys double celebration p262

Anniversaries mark European success stories.

Markus Wagner

doi:10.1038/432262a

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Stalemate over fusion project threatens to provoke split p262

Europe considers going it alone with plans to build ITER.

Jim Giles

doi:10.1038/432262b

Full Text | PDF (171K)

Unanimous vote approves tweak to smallpox genome p263

Virus may soon be made to glow green to ease research.

Erika Check

doi:10.1038/432263a

Full Text | PDF (417K)

Britain to combat conflicts of interest in drug regulators p263

Tough measures to protect patient interests proposed by UK government.

Jim Giles

doi:10.1038/432263b

Full Text | PDF (417K)

News in brief p264

doi:10.1038/432264a

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Correction p264

doi:10.1038/432264b

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News Features

Benoit Mandelbrot: Father of fractals p266

Benoit Mandelbrot is one of the twentieth century's best known mathematicians. So why, in the twilight of an extraordinary academic career, is he still angry with many of his colleagues? Jim Giles investigates.

doi:10.1038/432266a

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Emissions trading: The carbon game p268

Companies are already swapping money for the right to emit more pollution, and cashing in on projects designed to suck up greenhouse gases. As this market booms, will it actually help to cut down on emissions? Michael Hopkin reports.

doi:10.1038/432268a

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Correspondence

Let's be sensible about public participation p271

We must face the fact that science — like art — is not a democratic activity.

Dick Taverne

doi:10.1038/432271a

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Public participation: let the people pick projects p271

Rupert Sheldrake

doi:10.1038/432271b

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Bible study led Newton to scientific discoveries p271

Erwin Heberle-Bors

doi:10.1038/432271c

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Commentary

Time for 'enlightened moderation' p273

A call for Islamic nations to renew and reaffirm their commitment to science.

doi:10.1038/432273a

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Books and Arts

Immune to the facts p275

A flawed paper on autism compromised MMR vaccination and public health.

Michael B. A. Oldstone reviews MMR Science & Fiction: Exploring A Vaccine Crisis by Richard Horton and MMR and Autism: What Parents Need to Know by Michael Fitzpatrick

doi:10.1038/432275a

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Across the border p276

David M. Lodge reviews Alien Species and Evolution: The Evolutionary Ecology of Exotic Plants, Animals, Microbes, and Interacting Native Species by George W. Cox

doi:10.1038/432276a

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And all was light p277

Alan Packer reviews The Newtonian Moment: Science and the Making of Modern Culture Curated by Mordechai Feingold

doi:10.1038/432277a

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A walk on the wild side p277

Frank Close reviews Out of this World: Colliding Universes, Branes, Strings, and Other Wild Ideas of Modern Physics by Stephen Webb

doi:10.1038/432277b

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Essay

Going against the flow p279

Ion transport: the division between active transporters and passive channels is beginning to blur

Louis J. DeFelice

doi:10.1038/432279a

Full Text | PDF (120K)

News and Views

Neurobiology:  At the root of brain cancer p281

A small subpopulation of cells, 'brain-cancer stem cells', has been identified in humans. They have the exclusive ability to drive tumour formation, and could prove an effective target for therapies.

Michael F. Clarke

doi:10.1038/432281a

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Chemistry:  Towards tomorrow's catalysts p282

The ability to predict and modify the rate-determining steps in chemical reactions would be a boon in designing better catalysts. Technical innovations in computer simulations bring that goal closer.

Charles T. Campbell

doi:10.1038/432282a

Full Text | PDF (247K)

Evolutionary biology:  Butterfly mimics of ants p283

Large blue butterflies are notable for their rarity and ability to dupe ants, and they are endangered. A genetic reconstruction of how social parasitism evolved among them will overturn conservation priorities.

Jeremy A. Thomas and Josef Settele

doi:10.1038/432283a

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100 and 50 years ago p284

doi:10.1038/432284a

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Nonlinear optics:  Disorder is the new order p285

Pure, perfectly regular crystals were believed to be essential for the efficient operation of nonlinear optical devices. Surprisingly, it now seems that disordered materials might actually perform better.

Sergey E. Skipetrov

doi:10.1038/432285a

Full Text | PDF (135K)

Structural biology:  Ion pump in the movies p286

Insight into how membrane ion pumps work requires structural snapshots of various stages of their catalytic cycle. Now a fifth freeze-frame image of a calcium pump in action adds to a striking body of work on this protein.

C. Roy D. Lancaster

doi:10.1038/432286a

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Research highlights p288

doi:10.1038/432288a

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Brief Communications

Historical phenology:  Grape ripening as a past climate indicator p289

Summer temperature variations are reconstructed from harvest dates since 1370.

Isabelle Chuine, Pascal Yiou, Nicolas Viovy, Bernard Seguin, Valérie Daux and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie

doi:10.1038/432289a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (233K) | Supplementary information

Climate:  Large-scale warming is not urban p290

David E. Parker

doi:10.1038/432290a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (195K)

Atmospheric science: Early peak in Antarctic oscillation index p290

Julie M. Jones and Martin Widmann

doi:10.1038/432290b

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (195K) | Supplementary information

Corrigendum p291

doi:10.1038/432291a

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Brief Communications Arising

Copper oxide superconductors:  Sharp-mode coupling in high-T_c superconductors

T. Cuk, Z.-X. Shen, A. D. Gromko, Z. Sun and D. S. Dessau

doi:10.1038/nature03163

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (167K)

Copper oxide superconductors:  Sharp-mode coupling in high-T_c superconductors (reply)

Jungseek Hwang, Thomas Timusk and Genda D. Gu

doi:10.1038/nature03164

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (258K)

Asteroseismology:  Oscillations on the star Procyon

François Bouchy, André Maeder, Michel Mayor, Denis Mégevand, Francesco Pepe and Danuta Sosnowska

doi:10.1038/nature03165

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (151K)

Insight

Cell division and cancer p293

Barbara Marte

doi:10.1038/432293a

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Targeted cancer therapy p294

Charles Sawyers

doi:10.1038/nature03095

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,230K)

G1 cell-cycle control and cancer p298

Joan Massagué

doi:10.1038/nature03094

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (784K)

Intrinsic tumour suppression p307

Scott W. Lowe, Enrique Cepero and Gerard Evan

doi:10.1038/nature03098

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (504K)

Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer p316

Michael B. Kastan and Jiri Bartek

doi:10.1038/nature03097

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (702K)

Tissue repair and stem cell renewal in carcinogenesis p324

Philip A. Beachy, Sunil S. Karhadkar and David M. Berman

doi:10.1038/nature03100

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (2,159K)

Stromal fibroblasts in cancer initiation and progression p332

Neil A. Bhowmick, Eric G. Neilson and Harold L. Moses

doi:10.1038/nature03096

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (727K)

Aneuploidy and cancer p338

Harith Rajagopalan and Christoph Lengauer

doi:10.1038/nature03099

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (458K)

Review

Endurance running and the evolution of Homo p345

Dennis M. Bramble and Daniel E. Lieberman

doi:10.1038/nature03052

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (370K)

Articles

Regulation of p53 activity through lysine methylation p353

Sergei Chuikov, Julia K. Kurash, Jonathan R. Wilson, Bing Xiao, Neil Justin, Gleb S. Ivanov, Kristine McKinney, Paul Tempst, Carol Prives, Steven J. Gamblin, Nickolai A. Barlev and Danny Reinberg

doi:10.1038/nature03117

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (500K) | Supplementary information

Lumenal gating mechanism revealed in calcium pump crystal structures with phosphate analogues p361

Chikashi Toyoshima, Hiromi Nomura and Takeo Tsuda

doi:10.1038/nature02981

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (702K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Lancaster

Letters to Nature

Molecular hydrogen beyond the optical edge of an isolated spiral galaxy p369

Jonathan Braine and Fabrice Herpin

doi:10.1038/nature03054

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (268K)

Electrical generation and absorption of phonons in carbon nanotubes p371

B. J. LeRoy, S. G. Lemay, J. Kong and C. Dekker

doi:10.1038/nature03046

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (283K)

See also: News and Views by Skipetrov

Random quasi-phase-matching in bulk polycrystalline isotropic nonlinear materials p374

M. Baudrier-Raybaut, R. Haïdar, Ph. Kupecek, Ph. Lemasson and E. Rosencher

doi:10.1038/nature03027

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (186K)

Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding p376

Kanglin Wang and Daniel M. Mittleman

doi:10.1038/nature03040

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (306K)

Constraints on the duration and freshwater release of Heinrich event 4 through isotope modelling p379

D. Roche, D. Paillard and E. Cortijo

doi:10.1038/nature03059

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (273K)

Triassic marine reptiles gave birth to live young p383

Yen-nien Cheng, Xiao-chun Wu and Qiang Ji

doi:10.1038/nature03050

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (609K)

The evolution of alternative parasitic life histories in large blue butterflies p386

Thomas D. Als, Roger Vila, Nikolai P. Kandul, David R. Nash, Shen-Horn Yen, Yu-Feng Hsu, André A. Mignault, Jacobus J. Boomsma and Naomi E. Pierce

doi:10.1038/nature03020

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (368K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Thomas & Settele

An obligate brood parasite trapped in the intraspecific arms race of its hosts p390

Bruce E. Lyon and John McA. Eadie

doi:10.1038/nature03036

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (216K)

Spatial patterns in species distributions reveal biodiversity change p393

Robert J. Wilson, Chris D. Thomas, Richard Fox, David B. Roy and William E. Kunin

doi:10.1038/nature03031

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (332K) | Supplementary information

Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells p396

Sheila K. Singh, Cynthia Hawkins, Ian D. Clarke, Jeremy A. Squire, Jane Bayani, Takuichiro Hide, R. Mark Henkelman, Michael D. Cusimano and Peter B. Dirks

doi:10.1038/nature03128

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (561K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Clarke

A FADD-dependent innate immune mechanism in mammalian cells p401

Siddharth Balachandran, Emmanuel Thomas and Glen N. Barber

doi:10.1038/nature03124

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (596K) | Supplementary information

Methylated lysine 79 of histone H3 targets 53BP1 to DNA double-strand breaks p406

Yentram Huyen, Omar Zgheib, Richard A. DiTullio Jr, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Panayotis Zacharatos, Tom J. Petty, Emily A. Sheston, Hestia S. Mellert, Elena S. Stavridi and Thanos D. Halazonetis

doi:10.1038/nature03114

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (548K) | Supplementary information

Structure of a natural guanine-responsive riboswitch complexed with the metabolite hypoxanthine p411

Robert T. Batey, Sunny D. Gilbert and Rebecca K. Montange

doi:10.1038/nature03037

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (480K) | Supplementary information

Corrigendum: The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis p415

Ping Xu, Giovanni Widmer, Yingping Wang, Luiz S. Ozaki, Joao M. Alves, Myrna G. Serrano, Daniela Puiu, Patricio Manque, Donna Akiyoshi, Aaron J. Mackey, William R. Pearson, Paul H. Dear, Alan T. Bankier, Darrell L. Peterson, Mitchell S. Abrahamsen, Vivek Kapur, Saul Tzipori and Gregory A. Buck

doi:10.1038/nature03141

Full Text | PDF (71K)

Naturejobs

Election returns p417

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7015-417a

Full Text | PDF (144K)

Putting pen to paper p418

Careers in journalism can be rewarding for scientists who have a way with words. Virginia Gewin reveals what it takes to be a scribe.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7015-418a

Full Text | PDF (374K)