Table of contents
Volume 444 Number 7119 pp519-652
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Editorials
Our emperors have no clothes p519
The ITER fusion project demonstrates a solidity of purpose that is sorely lacking across the rest of the energy research spectrum.
doi:10.1038/444519a
A little regulation p520
Regulators are beginning cautiously to navigate the uncharted waters of nanotechnology.
doi:10.1038/444520a
Not the end of an era p520
The Mars squadron loses its commodore.
doi:10.1038/444520b
News
Methane quashes green credentials of hydropower p524
Emissions from tropical dams can exceed fossil-fuel plants.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/444524a
Preprint analysis quantifies scientific plagiarism p524
Physics papers reveal few serious breaches but some duplication.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/444524b
Sidelines p526
doi:10.1038/444526a
A space dilemma: extend missions or start afresh? p526
Loss of Mars probe prompts bout of soul searching.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/444526b
Amazon puts network power online p528
Cost-effective supercomputing wins academic praise.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/444528a
Snapshot: A womb with a view p529
Sound waves showcase animal pregnancy.
Narelle Towie
doi:10.1038/444529a
Past drought hints at Africa's future p529
History offers insight into climate patterns.
Michael Hopkin
doi:10.1038/444529b
Japan speeds up nuclear physics p530
RIKEN's accelerator upgrade targets heavy-element synthesis.
Ichiko Fuyuno
doi:10.1038/444530a
Business
The bitterest pill p532
Drug companies lose hundreds of millions of dollars when large-scale human clinical trials fail. Helen Pearson examines whether alternative procedures could help avoid such disappointments.
doi:10.1038/444532a
In brief p533
doi:10.1038/444533a
Market Watch p533
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/444533b
News Features
In search of lost time p534
The ancient Antikythera Mechanism doesn't just challenge our assumptions about technology transfer over the ages — it gives us fresh insights into history itself.
doi:10.1038/444534a
See also: Editor's summary
Plantecology: The cost of leafing p539
Understanding the trade-offs involved for plants making leaves promises fresh insights on every scale from the plant to the planet, finds John Whitfield
doi:10.1038/444539a
The earth-eaters p543
Research suggests that consuming soil may have more health implications than one might expect. Trevor Stokes sieves through the reasons why people include dirt in their diet.
doi:10.1038/444543a
Correspondence
Islam: governments need to reform education and build a scientific culture p545
Hilal A. Lashuel and Nasser Zawia
doi:10.1038/444545a
Islam: science is held back by paternalistic traditions p545
Tasleem Akhtar
doi:10.1038/444545b
Books and Arts
The Hungarian martians p547
Five of Budapest's finest changed the world in the twentieth century.
Arthur I. Miller reviews The Martians of Science by István Hargittai
doi:10.1038/444547a
Women or just good scientists? p548
Patricia Fara reviews Out of the Shadows: Contributions of Twentieth-Century Women to Physics
doi:10.1038/444548a
Understanding cancer p549
Chris Boshoff reviews The Biology of Cancer by Robert A. Weinberg
doi:10.1038/444549a
Detecting hidden objects p549
Manfred Fahle reviews Seeing Spatial Form by Michael R. M. Jenkin and Laurence R. Harris
doi:10.1038/444549b
Science in culture p550
Reaching for the stars
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/444550a
News and Views
Archaeology: High tech from Ancient Greece p551
The Antikythera Mechanism, salvaged 100 years ago from an ancient shipwreck, was long known to be some sort of mechanical calendar. But modern analysis is only now revealing just how sophisticated it was.
François Charette
doi:10.1038/444551a
See also: Editor's summary
Stem-cell biology: A move in the right direction p552
Stem-cell therapy is valued for its potential to restore damaged or degenerating tissues. Stem cells are now regularly used to renew blood, and it looks as if the next success could be in treating dystrophic muscle.
Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
doi:10.1038/nature05406
See also: Editor's summary
Chemical biology: A broader take on DNA p553
Slipping in extra benzene rings creates a broader DNA double helix that is similar to, but different from, natural DNA. Importantly, it can encode more genetic information — and that could have wide implications.
Aaron M. Leconte and Floyd E. Romesberg
doi:10.1038/444553a
Conservation biology: Rarity bites p555
Rare species have to cope not only with habitat loss, genetic bottlenecks and invasive competitors, but also with a self-reinforcing cycle of human greed. This last threat has now been dragged into the spotlight.
Barry W. Brook, B W and Navjot S. Sodhi, N S
doi:10.1038/444555a
50 & 100 Years Ago p556
doi:10.1038/444556a
Organic Chemistry: Molecules in quarantine p557
Intermediate compounds are often produced during a chemical reaction, but they are too short-lived to be easily observed. It seems that a molecular pyramid can persuade them to stick around for a little longer.
Julius Rebek, Jr
doi:10.1038/444557a
Neuroscience: A memory boost while you sleep p559
It is generally agreed that sleep aids memory consolidation, but the reasons for this are a mystery. Part of the answer may lie in the patterns of synchronous brain activity unique to the state of slumber.
Robert Stickgold
doi:10.1038/nature05309
See also: Editor's summary
Device physics: A terahertz modulator p560
Tiny metal resonators can be used to create a material with tunable responses to an applied voltage. Combined with a semiconductor substrate, they can be used to control technologically promising terahertz radiation.
Mittleman Daniel
doi:10.1038/444560a
Systems Biology: Many things from one p561
Cells of the same type can generate diverse sets of physiological traits from a single set of genes. Part of this diversity could stem from 'noise' that arises from variations in the way proteins are expressed.
John R. S. Newman and Jonathan S. Weissman
doi:10.1038/nature05407
See also: Editor's summary
Hydrology: Water from on high p562
Data on changes in water storage in the Congo basin show how GRACE, a pair of satellites designed to record variations in Earth's gravitational field, is benefiting the study of the planet's water cycle.
Dennis P. Lettenmaier and James S. Famiglietti
doi:10.1038/444562a
Brief Communications
Wood used by Stradivari and Guarneri p565
The material used by the old masters to make exquisite violins may have been chemically manipulated.
Joseph Nagyvary, Joseph A. DiVerdi, Noel L. Owen and H. Dennis Tolley
doi:10.1038/444565a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (215K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Oenology: Red wine procyanidins and vascular health p566
R. Corder, W. Mullen, N. Q. Khan, S. C. Marks, E. G. Wood, M. J. Carrier and A. Crozier
doi:10.1038/444566a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (176K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Top of page
Brief Communications Arising
Astrochemistry: Complex organic matter in Titan's aerosols? pE6
K Biemann
doi:10.1038/nature05417
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (68K)
Astrochemistry: Complex organic matter in Titan's aerosols? (Reply) pE6
G. Israël, C. Szopa, F. Raulin, M. Cabane, H. B. Niemann, S. K. Atreya, S. J. Bauer, J.-F. Brun, E. Chassefière, P. Coll, E. Condé, D. Coscia, A. Hauchecorne, P. Millian, M. J. Nguyen, T. Owen, W. Riedler, R. E. Samuelson, J.-M. Siguier, M. Steller, R. Sternberg and C. Vidal-Madjar
doi:10.1038/nature05418
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (74K)
Fractal Analysis: Revisiting Pollock's drip paintings pE9
Katherine Jones-Smith and Harsh Mathur
doi:10.1038/nature05398
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (318K)
Fractal Analysis: Revisiting Pollock's drip paintings (Reply) pE10
R. P. Taylor, A. P. Micolich and D. Jonas
doi:10.1038/nature05399
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (287K)
Review
Protein delivery into eukaryotic cells by type III secretion machines p567
Jorge E. Galán and Hans Wolf-Watz
doi:10.1038/nature05272
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (701K)
See also: Editor's summary
Articles
Mesoangioblast stem cells ameliorate muscle function in dystrophic dogs p574
Maurilio Sampaolesi, Stephane Blot, Giuseppe D'Antona, Nicolas Granger, Rossana Tonlorenzi, Anna Innocenzi, Paolo Mognol, Jean-Lauren Thibaud, Beatriz G. Galvez, Ines Barthélémy, Laura Perani, Sara Mantero, Maria Guttinger, Orietta Pansarasa, Chiara Rinaldi, M. Gabriella Cusella De Angelis, Yvan Torrente, Claudio Bordignon, Roberto Bottinelli and Giulio Cossu
doi:10.1038/nature05282
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,032K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Chamberlain
An RNA map predicting Nova-dependent splicing regulation p580
Jernej Ule, Giovanni Stefani, Aldo Mele, Matteo Ruggiu, Xuning Wang, Bahar Taneri, Terry Gaasterland, Benjamin J. Blencowe and Robert B. Darnell
doi:10.1038/nature05304
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,073K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Letters
Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism p587
T. Freeth, Y. Bitsakis, X. Moussas, J. H. Seiradakis, A. Tselikas, H. Mangou, M. Zafeiropoulou, R. Hadland, D. Bate, A. Ramsey, M. Allen, A. Crawley, P. Hockley, T. Malzbender, D. Gelb, W. Ambrisco and M. G. Edmunds
doi:10.1038/nature05357
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,114K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Charette
Rank clocks p592
Michael Batty
doi:10.1038/nature05302
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,687K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Active terahertz metamaterial devices p597
Hou-Tong Chen, Willie J. Padilla, Joshua M. O. Zide, Arthur C. Gossard, Antoinette J. Taylor and Richard D. Averitt
doi:10.1038/nature05343
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (730K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Daniel
Gulf Stream density structure and transport during the past millennium p601
David C. Lund, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz and William B. Curry
doi:10.1038/nature05277
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (532K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Petrology and thermal structure of the Hawaiian plume from Mauna Kea volcano p605
Claude Herzberg
doi:10.1038/nature05254
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (356K) | Supplementary information
Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory p610
Lisa Marshall, Halla Helgadóttir, Matthias Mölle and Jan Born
doi:10.1038/nature05278
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (318K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Stickgold
Clustered DNA motifs mark X chromosomes for repression by a dosage compensation complex p614
Patrick McDonel, Judith Jans, Brant K. Peterson and Barbara J. Meyer
doi:10.1038/nature05338
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (596K) | Supplementary information
Centriole assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans p619
Laurence Pelletier, Eileen O'Toole, Anne Schwager, Anthony A. Hyman and Thomas Müller-Reichert
doi:10.1038/nature05318
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,083K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
p63 protects the female germ line during meiotic arrest p624
Eun-Kyung Suh, Annie Yang, Arminja Kettenbach, Casimir Bamberger, Ala H. Michaelis, Zhou Zhu, Julia A. Elvin, Roderick T. Bronson, Christopher P. Crum and Frank McKeon
doi:10.1038/nature05337
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (792K) | Supplementary information
Repression of p53 activity by Smyd2-mediated methylation p629
Jing Huang, Laura Perez-Burgos, Brandon J. Placek, Roopsha Sengupta, Mario Richter, Jean A. Dorsey, Stefan Kubicek, Susanne Opravil, Thomas Jenuwein and Shelley L. Berger
doi:10.1038/nature05287
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (385K) | Supplementary information
Oncogene-induced senescence is part of the tumorigenesis barrier imposed by DNA damage checkpoints p633
Jirina Bartkova, Nousin Rezaei, Michalis Liontos, Panagiotis Karakaidos, Dimitris Kletsas, Natalia Issaeva, Leandros-Vassilios F. Vassiliou, Evangelos Kolettas, Katerina Niforou, Vassilis C. Zoumpourlis, Munenori Takaoka, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Frederic Tort, Kasper Fugger, Fredrik Johansson, Maxwell Sehested, Claus L. Andersen, Lars Dyrskjot, Torben Ørntoft, Jiri Lukas, Christos Kittas, Thomas Helleday, Thanos D. Halazonetis, Jiri Bartek and Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
doi:10.1038/nature05268
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (794K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Oncogene-induced senescence is a DNA damage response triggered by DNA hyper-replication p638
Raffaella Di Micco, Marzia Fumagalli, Angelo Cicalese, Sara Piccinin, Patrizia Gasparini, Chiara Luise, Catherine Schurra, Massimiliano Garre', Paolo Giovanni Nuciforo, Aaron Bensimon, Roberta Maestro, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci and Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
doi:10.1038/nature05327
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,280K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Variability and memory of protein levels in human cells p643
Alex Sigal, Ron Milo, Ariel Cohen, Naama Geva-Zatorsky, Yael Klein, Yuvalal Liron, Nitzan Rosenfeld, Tamar Danon, Natalie Perzov and Uri Alon
doi:10.1038/nature05316
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (703K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Newman & Weissman
Naturejobs
ProspectScientists have several reasons to be thankful. p647
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7119-647a
Special Report
Bio Bonanza p648
Is interest in biofuels in the United States a just fad or a growing trend that will yield numerous jobs and research opportunities? Gene Russo separates the wheat from the chaff.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7119-648a
Futures
The charge-up man p652
Last delivery before the Singularity.
Catherine H. Shaffer
doi:10.1038/444652a
