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Nature 449, 811-818 (18 October 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature06245; Published online 17 October 2007
Open Innovation Challenges
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Protect Enzyme from In Planta Degradation
A proposal for stable expression of an enzyme in corn seed is desired.
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Fast Growth of Transformed Soybean Shoots
A method for accelerating growth of soybean shoots is desired.
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Review Article An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human–microbe mutualism and disease
Les Dethlefsen1, Margaret McFall-Ngai2 & David A. Relman1,3,4
Abstract
The microbial communities of humans are characteristic and complex mixtures of microorganisms that have co-evolved with their human hosts. The species that make up these communities vary between hosts as a result of restricted migration of microorganisms between hosts and strong ecological interactions within hosts, as well as host variability in terms of diet, genotype and colonization history. The shared evolutionary fate of humans and their symbiotic bacteria has selected for mutualistic interactions that are essential for human health, and ecological or genetic changes that uncouple this shared fate can result in disease. In this way, looking to ecological and evolutionary principles might provide new strategies for restoring and maintaining human health.
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