Table of contents
Volume 455 Number 7213 pp565-706
(this content only available online) indicates content that is available online only
Editorials
A question of balance p565
The turmoil in the financial markets could lead to severe cost-cutting by governments, but US politicians would do well to note the benefits of continued support for clean energy and climate policies.
doi:10.1038/455565a
Life after Zerhouni p565
The next NIH director must juggle stagnant budgets, unhappy grantees and investigative lawmakers.
doi:10.1038/455565b
An end to secrecy p566
China's continuing openness on HIV is a welcome development and a model for other nations.
doi:10.1038/455566a
See also: Editor's summary
Research Highlights
Evolution: Vampire genes p568
doi:10.1038/455568a
Geosciences: Carbon crunch p568
doi:10.1038/455568b
Ecology: Diatoms downsize p568
doi:10.1038/455568c
Cancer biology: Ensuring a welcome p568
doi:10.1038/455568d
Geology: Primitive petrous p568
doi:10.1038/455568e
Mechanics: Slippery when clean p568
doi:10.1038/455568f
Planetary science: Mars lander p569
doi:10.1038/455569a
Atmospheric chemistry: A chemical equator p569
doi:10.1038/455569b
Theoretical physics: Computing with rainbows p569
doi:10.1038/455569c
Chemistry: Biofuel acid test p569
doi:10.1038/455569d
News
NIH soon to be leaderless p570
Experts speculate about who will take charge when Zerhouni leaves.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/455570a
Hwang work granted patent p571
Australia criticized for issuing a patent for a method the Korean lied about using.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/455571a
Fears surface over methane leaks p572
Experts work to confirm source of gas bubbling from Arctic seabed.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/455572a
Credit crunch threatens US wind-energy projects p572
Tax incentives mean nothing if companies don't make enough profit.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/455572b
Ancient water sites for next rover p575
Planetary scientists shortlist top landing sites on Mars.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/455575a
Teams merge for dark-energy mission p577
Competition scrapped in favour of joint venture.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/455577a
Snapshot: How do you like your coffee? p579
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/455579a
World nuclear security gets welcome boost p580
doi:10.1038/455580a
South Africa replaces its health minister p580
doi:10.1038/455580b
Falcon rocket reaches low-Earth orbit p580
doi:10.1038/455580c
Carbon dioxide emissions rise to record levels p581
doi:10.1038/455581a
US Congress approves funding bill for science p581
doi:10.1038/455581b
China's first spacewalk p581
doi:10.1038/455581c
Corrections p581
doi:10.1038/455581d
News Features
Military research: The Pentagon's culture wars p583
What began several years ago as an attempt to recruit social scientists to help the military has sparked a broader debate about militarizing academia. Sharon Weinberger reports.
doi:10.1038/455583a
Cell therapy: Being patient p586
Cell therapies are as much about the patients as they are about the cells. Monya Baker meets two stem-cell scientists who have decided to put people first.
doi:10.1038/455586a
Correspondence
Don't release other people's data without their consent p589
Daniel N. Frank
doi:10.1038/455589a
Further reflections on how we interpret the actions of others p589
Giacomo Rizzolatti & Corrado Sinigaglia
doi:10.1038/455589b
Austria: Academy of Sciences states its case p589
Peter Schuster & Herwig Friesinger
doi:10.1038/455589c
Science journals have been slow to make themselves audible p590
Wouter M. J. Achten
doi:10.1038/455590a
Don't forget people and specimens that make the database p590
David Campbell
doi:10.1038/455590b
Religion and science: a guide for the 'perplexed' p590
Denis R. Alexander
doi:10.1038/455590c
Religion and science: separated by an unbridgeable chasm p590
Peter Wigley
doi:10.1038/455590d
Commentaries
HIV immunology needs a new direction p591
Researchers need to get past the standard model of vaccine development and focus on how immune responses are specifically tailored to retroviruses, argue Ruslan Medzhitov and Dan Littman.
doi:10.1038/455591a
See also: Editor's summary
UK physics gets a health check p592
The field is healthy, says Bill Wakeham, but scientists need to reclaim the intellectual ownership of research at the margins of the discipline such as medical or atmospheric physics.
doi:10.1038/455592a
See also: Editor's summary
Books and Arts
A fluid approach to HIV p593
Karunesh Tuli reviews Unimagined Community: Sex, Networks, and AIDS in Uganda and South Africa by Robert J. Thornton
doi:10.1038/455593a
Injecting trust into vaccines p594
Jeff Thomas reviews Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure by Paul A. Offit
doi:10.1038/455594a
Q&A: Creations from the cosmos p595
Artist Karel Nel works with astronomers from COSMOS, the global Cosmic Evolution Survey that is mapping galaxies and dark matter. Now exhibiting his work in London, he tells Nature how his view of the Universe has changed.
Jennifer Rohn
doi:10.1038/455595a
Enhance your life with Nature debates p595
Nature has picked two panels of experts in science, policy and ethics to debate research that is improving mental and physical abilities.
doi:10.1038/455595b
Beyond the greenhouse p596
Botanic gardens are using good garden design to attract and educate the public. Mike Maunder explains how they can thrive both as businesses and as institutions of learning.
Mike Maunder
doi:10.1038/455596a
Essay
Beijing 1987: China's coming-out party p598
Two decades ago, Deng Xiaoping welcomed nations to an international meeting in Beijing. Mohamed Hassan recalls how China's leaders set out their plans for the nation to rejoin the world's scientific elite.
Mohamed Hassan
doi:10.1038/455598a
See also: Editor's summary
News and Views
Sensory ecology: In sight of speciation p601
Adaptation of a fish's eyes to its visual environment can bias females to mate with different males according to their coloration. This sensory preference can contribute to the formation of new species.
Mark Kirkpatrick & Trevor Price
doi:10.1038/455601a
See also: Editor's summary
Climate change: When did the icehouse cometh? p602
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide decreased between 45 million and 25 million years ago, a trend accompanied by glaciation at the poles. Modelling results suggest when and where the ice closed in.
Stephen F. Pekar
doi:10.1038/455602a
See also: Editor's summary
Regenerative medicine: Short cut to cell replacement p604
To make one differentiated cell type from another, a 'stopover' at an undifferentiated state is often required. An alternative method offering an efficient direct route could have implications for disease treatment.
Robert Blelloch
doi:10.1038/455604a
See also: Editor's summary
AIDS: Prehistory of HIV-1 p605
The origin of the current AIDS pandemic has been a subject of great interest and speculation. Viral archaeology sheds light on the geography and timescale of the early diversification of HIV-1 in humans.
Paul M. Sharp & Beatrice H. Hahn
doi:10.1038/455605a
See also: Editor's summary
Applied physics: Virtues of diamond defects p606
A general method for detecting nuclear magnetic resonance signals from a single molecule has so far been elusive. Magnetic sensors that exploit crystal imperfections in diamond might make such a method a reality.
Michael Romalis
doi:10.1038/455606a
See also: Editor's summary
Neuroscience: Fragile dopamine p607
Dopamine dysfunction, which is implicated in Parkinson's disease and drug addiction, seems an unlikely culprit in fragile X syndrome. A surprising set of findings means a rethink is required.
David Weinshenker & Stephen T. Warren
doi:10.1038/455607a
Feature
The changing face of HIV in China p609
HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread?
Lin Lu, Manhong Jia, Yanling Ma, Li Yang, Zhiwei Chen, David D. Ho, Yan Jiang & Linqi Zhang
doi:10.1038/455609a
See also: Editor's summary
Review
Challenges in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine p613
Dan H. Barouch
doi:10.1038/nature07352
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (289K)
See also: Editor's summary
Brief Communication Arising
Photoemission kinks and phonons in cuprates pE6
D. Reznik, G. Sangiovanni, O. Gunnarsson & T. P. Devereaux
doi:10.1038/nature07364
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (134K)
Articles
Speciation through sensory drive in cichlid fish p620
Ole Seehausen, Yohey Terai, Isabel S. Magalhaes, Karen L. Carleton, Hillary D. J. Mrosso, Ryutaro Miyagi, Inke van der Sluijs, Maria V. Schneider, Martine E. Maan, Hidenori Tachida, Hiroo Imai & Norihiro Okada
doi:10.1038/nature07285
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (547K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Kirkpatrick & Price
In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to 
-cells p627
Qiao Zhou, Juliana Brown, Andrew Kanarek, Jayaraj Rajagopal & Douglas A. Melton
doi:10.1038/nature07314
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,738K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Blelloch
Structure of the Tribolium castaneum telomerase catalytic subunit TERT p633
Andrew J. Gillis, Anthony P. Schuller & Emmanuel Skordalakes
doi:10.1038/nature07283
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (609K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Letters
An 84-
G magnetic field in a galaxy at redshift z = 0.692 p638
Arthur M. Wolfe, Regina A. Jorgenson, Timothy Robishaw, Carl Heiles & Jason X. Prochaska
doi:10.1038/nature07264
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (365K)
See also: Editor's summary
Clustered star formation as a natural explanation for the H
cut-off in disk galaxies p641
Jan Pflamm-Altenburg & Pavel Kroupa
doi:10.1038/nature07266
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (195K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond p644
J. R. Maze, P. L. Stanwix, J. S. Hodges, S. Hong, J. M. Taylor, P. Cappellaro, L. Jiang, M. V. Gurudev Dutt, E. Togan, A. S. Zibrov, A. Yacoby, R. L. Walsworth & M. D. Lukin
doi:10.1038/nature07279
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (599K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Romalis
Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions p648
Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian, I. Y. Chan, Roman Kolesov, Mohannad Al-Hmoud, Julia Tisler, Chang Shin, Changdong Kim, Aleksander Wojcik, Philip R. Hemmer, Anke Krueger, Tobias Hanke, Alfred Leitenstorfer, Rudolf Bratschitsch, Fedor Jelezko & Jörg Wrachtrup
doi:10.1038/nature07278
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (450K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Romalis
Thresholds for Cenozoic bipolar glaciation p652
Robert M. DeConto, David Pollard, Paul A. Wilson, Heiko Pälike, Caroline H. Lear & Mark Pagani
doi:10.1038/nature07337
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (903K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Pekar
Crystallographic preferred orientation of akimotoite and seismic anisotropy of Tonga slab p657
Rei Shiraishi, Eiji Ohtani, Kyuichi Kanagawa, Akira Shimojuku & Dapeng Zhao
doi:10.1038/nature07301
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (425K)
See also: Editor's summary
Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960 p661
Michael Worobey, Marlea Gemmel, Dirk E. Teuwen, Tamara Haselkorn, Kevin Kunstman, Michael Bunce, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Jean-Marie M. Kabongo, Raphaël M. Kalengayi, Eric Van Marck, M. Thomas P. Gilbert & Steven M. Wolinsky
doi:10.1038/nature07390
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (348K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Sharp & Hahn
Individual differences in non-verbal number acuity correlate with maths achievement p665
Justin Halberda, Michèle M. M. Mazzocco & Lisa Feigenson
doi:10.1038/nature07246
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (226K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
UNC-6/netrin and its receptor UNC-5 locally exclude presynaptic components from dendrites p669
Vivian Y. Poon, Matthew P. Klassen & Kang Shen
doi:10.1038/nature07291
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,412K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling p674
Hiroki Ishikawa & Glen N. Barber
doi:10.1038/nature07317
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (620K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Modelling Myc inhibition as a cancer therapy p679
Laura Soucek, Jonathan Whitfield, Carla P. Martins, Andrew J. Finch, Daniel J. Murphy, Nicole M. Sodir, Anthony N. Karnezis, Lamorna Brown Swigart, Sergio Nasi & Gerard I. Evan
doi:10.1038/nature07260
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,365K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 is rate-limiting in translation, growth and transformation p684
Valentina Gandin, Annarita Miluzio, Anna Maria Barbieri, Anne Beugnet, Hiroaki Kiyokawa, Pier Carlo Marchisio & Stefano Biffo
doi:10.1038/nature07267
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (635K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
CDK targets Sae2 to control DNA-end resection and homologous recombination p689
Pablo Huertas, Felipe Cortés-Ledesma, Alessandro A. Sartori, Andrés Aguilera & Stephen P. Jackson
doi:10.1038/nature07215
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (532K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Visualizing transient events in amino-terminal autoprocessing of HIV-1 protease p693
Chun Tang, John M. Louis, Annie Aniana, Jeong-Yong Suh & G. Marius Clore
doi:10.1038/nature07342
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (724K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Technology Features
Metabolomics: Biochemistry's new look p697
Until now, metabolomics researchers have had to adapt technology developed mainly for proteomics. But there are now solutions designed with them in mind. Nathan Blow reports.
Nathan Blow
doi:10.1038/455697a
See also: Editor's summary
Metabolomics: Dark matter p698
doi:10.1038/455698a
Metabolomics: Wine-omics p699
doi:10.1038/455699a
Metabolomics: Table of suppliers p701
doi:10.1038/455701a
Naturejobs
ProspectProspects p703
A decline in the number of junior faculty members could have serious repercussions.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7213-703a
Career View
Stephen Brandt, Director, Oregon Sea Grant, Corvallis, Oregon p704
Moving to tackle climate change.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7213-704a
Masters of professional science p704
Defending the professional science masters.
Eleanor Babco & Carol Lynch
doi:10.1038/nj7213-704b
The coming challenge p704
My next big project.
Amanda Goh
doi:10.1038/nj7213-704c
Highlights
Highlight: Ireland
doi:10.1038/nj0229
Futures
Mars is the wrong colour p706
No longer seeing red.
Ian Randal Strock
doi:10.1038/455706a
