Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology provides physicians with authoritative and timely interpretations of key developments in the field, translating the latest findings into clinical practice. http://www.nature.com/ncpneph/current_issue/ Nature Publishing Group en © 2008 Nature Publishing Group Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 1745-8323 1745-8331 © 2008 Nature Publishing Group permissions@nature.com Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology http://www.nature.com/includes/rj_globnavimages/ncpneph_logo.gif http://www.nature.com/ncpneph/ Addressing the global shortage of nephrologists http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0951 Addressing the global shortage of nephrologists

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 583 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0951

Author: Michael Field

]]> Addressing the global shortage of nephrologists Michael Field doi:10.1038/ncpneph0951 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 583 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Editorial 583 583 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a risk factor for CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0934 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a risk factor for CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 584 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0934

]]> Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a risk factor for CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes doi:10.1038/ncpneph0934 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 584 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 584 584 Risk of bleeding after kidney biopsy is not increased in individuals with amyloidosis http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0948 Risk of bleeding after kidney biopsy is not increased in individuals with amyloidosis

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 584 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0948

]]> Risk of bleeding after kidney biopsy is not increased in individuals with amyloidosis doi:10.1038/ncpneph0948 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 584 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 584 585 Effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density is enhanced in women with stage 3 CKD http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0950 Effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density is enhanced in women with stage 3 CKD

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 584 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0950

]]> Effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density is enhanced in women with stage 3 CKD doi:10.1038/ncpneph0950 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 584 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 584 584 Novel laparoscopic technique permits 'scar-free' donor nephrectomy http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0933 Novel laparoscopic technique permits 'scar-free' donor nephrectomy

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 585 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0933

]]> Novel laparoscopic technique permits 'scar-free' donor nephrectomy doi:10.1038/ncpneph0933 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 585 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 585 586 FGF-23: a novel predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0949 FGF-23: a novel predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 585 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0949

]]> FGF-23: a novel predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis? doi:10.1038/ncpneph0949 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 585 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 585 585 New protocol reduces acute renal allograft rejection rate in patients with HIV http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0932 New protocol reduces acute renal allograft rejection rate in patients with HIV

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 586 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0932

]]> New protocol reduces acute renal allograft rejection rate in patients with HIV doi:10.1038/ncpneph0932 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 586 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 586 587 Desensitization for renal transplantation with rituximab and intravenous immune globulin http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0937 Desensitization for renal transplantation with rituximab and intravenous immune globulin

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 586 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0937

]]> Desensitization for renal transplantation with rituximab and intravenous immune globulin doi:10.1038/ncpneph0937 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 586 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 586 586 Sirolimus reduces left ventricular hypertrophy in renal transplant recipients http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0935 Sirolimus reduces left ventricular hypertrophy in renal transplant recipients

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 587 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0935

]]> Sirolimus reduces left ventricular hypertrophy in renal transplant recipients doi:10.1038/ncpneph0935 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 587 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 587 587 Is it better to perform kidney transplantation during the day than at night? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0936 Is it better to perform kidney transplantation during the day than at night?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 587 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0936

]]> Is it better to perform kidney transplantation during the day than at night? doi:10.1038/ncpneph0936 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 587 (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4 11 Research Highlights 587 587 Albuminuria is associated with the incidence of some cancers in nondiabetic individuals http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0945 Albuminuria is associated with the incidence of some cancers in nondiabetic individuals

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 588 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0945

Authors: Yoshiyuki Furumatsu & Enyu Imai

]]> Albuminuria is associated with the incidence of some cancers in nondiabetic individuals Yoshiyuki Furumatsu Enyu Imai doi:10.1038/ncpneph0945 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 588 (2008) 2008-09-16 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-16 4 11 Practice Point 588 589 Urinary albumin:total protein ratio—a new diagnostic tool to differentiate glomerular from nonglomerular hematuria http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0942 Urinary albumin:total protein ratio—a new diagnostic tool to differentiate glomerular from nonglomerular hematuria

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 590 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0942

Authors: Julia M Hofstra & Jack FM Wetzels

]]> Urinary albumin:total protein ratio—a new diagnostic tool to differentiate glomerular from nonglomerular hematuria Julia M Hofstra Jack FM Wetzels doi:10.1038/ncpneph0942 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 590 (2008) 2008-09-09 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-09 4 11 Practice Point 590 591 Waist:hip ratio is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than BMI in patients with moderate CKD http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0927 Waist:hip ratio is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than BMI in patients with moderate CKD

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 592 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0927

Authors: Luca De Nicola & Giuseppe Conte

]]> Waist:hip ratio is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than BMI in patients with moderate CKD Luca De Nicola Giuseppe Conte doi:10.1038/ncpneph0927 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 592 (2008) 2008-09-02 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-02 4 11 Practice Point 592 593 Contrast nephropathy: are short-term outcome measures adequate for quantification of long-term renal risk? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0931 Contrast nephropathy: are short-term outcome measures adequate for quantification of long-term renal risk?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 594 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0931

Author: Bruce A Molitoris

]]> Contrast nephropathy: are short-term outcome measures adequate for quantification of long-term renal risk? Bruce A Molitoris doi:10.1038/ncpneph0931 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 594 (2008) 2008-09-09 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-09 4 11 Practice Point 594 595 More-intensive renal replacement therapy has no benefit in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0926 More-intensive renal replacement therapy has no benefit in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 596 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0926

Author: Helmut Schiffl

]]> More-intensive renal replacement therapy has no benefit in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury Helmut Schiffl doi:10.1038/ncpneph0926 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 596 (2008) 2008-08-26 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-08-26 4 11 Practice Point 596 597 Long-term tacrolimus versus long-term ciclosporin in renal transplant recipients with poor graft function http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0944 Long-term tacrolimus versus long-term ciclosporin in renal transplant recipients with poor graft function

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 598 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0944

Authors: James Pattison & Steven Sacks

]]> Long-term tacrolimus versus long-term ciclosporin in renal transplant recipients with poor graft function James Pattison Steven Sacks doi:10.1038/ncpneph0944 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 598 (2008) 2008-09-16 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-16 4 11 Practice Point 598 599 Assessing the risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus with an oral glucose tolerance test http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0928 Assessing the risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus with an oral glucose tolerance test

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 600 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0928

Authors: Phuong-Thu Pham & Phuong-Chi Pham

]]> Assessing the risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus with an oral glucose tolerance test Phuong-Thu Pham Phuong-Chi Pham doi:10.1038/ncpneph0928 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 600 (2008) 2008-09-02 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-02 4 11 Practice Point 600 601 Daily nocturnal hemodialysis—a paradigm shift worthy of disrupting current dialysis practice http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0938 Various strategies have been considered in attempts to improve the outcomes of dialysis patients. Such strategies include increasing dialysis dose, using alternative depuration methods, changing dialysis schedules and focusing on preventing or treating specific co-morbidities and complications. In this Viewpoint, Andreas Pierratos discusses the first three strategies, and concludes that he believes that a paradigm shift, a disruptive change-in the form of daily home nocturnal hemodialysis-is needed to improve dialysis outcomes. Daily nocturnal hemodialysis—a paradigm shift worthy of disrupting current dialysis practice

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 602 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0938

Author: Andreas Pierratos

]]> Daily nocturnal hemodialysis—a paradigm shift worthy of disrupting current dialysis practice Andreas Pierratos doi:10.1038/ncpneph0938 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 602 (2008) 2008-09-09 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-09 4 11 Viewpoint 602 603 A wearable artificial kidney: dream or reality? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0929 The development of a wearable device that can replace conventional dialysis in patients needing chronic renal replacement therapy is not as far-fetched as it once was. Ronco et al. describe technological achievements, propose future research directions and discuss the clinical, technical and socioeconomic reasons for continuing the push to realize the wearable artificial kidney. A wearable artificial kidney: dream or reality?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 604 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0929

Authors: Claudio Ronco, Andrew Davenport & Victor Gura

]]> A wearable artificial kidney: dream or reality? Claudio Ronco Andrew Davenport Victor Gura doi:10.1038/ncpneph0929 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 604 (2008) 2008-09-09 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-09 4 11 Viewpoint 604 605 Is bowel preparation before colonoscopy a risky business for the kidney? http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0939 Acute phosphate nephropathy has emerged as an important complication of bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate solution for colonoscopy. Retrospective studies have revealed that acute kidney injury occurs in 1–4% of individuals exposed to oral sodium phosphate. This Review outlines the presentation, risk factors and pathogenesis of acute phosphate nephropathy. The author proffers several recommendations for minimizing the renal risks of oral sodium phosphate. Is bowel preparation before colonoscopy a risky business for the kidney?

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 606 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0939

Author: Yeong-Hau H Lien

]]> Is bowel preparation before colonoscopy a risky business for the kidney? Yeong-Hau H Lien doi:10.1038/ncpneph0939 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 606 (2008) 2008-09-16 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-16 4 11 Review 606 614 Animal toxins and the kidney http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0941 As a highly vascularized and excretory organ, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to animal toxins. This Review begins with an overview of the mechanisms by which these toxins cause kidney damage—including direct nephrotoxicity and induction of hemodynamic changes. The presentation, pathophysiology and pathology of the renal changes associated with animal toxin poisoning or envenomation are then discussed for each of the relevant animal species in turn. Animal toxins and the kidney

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 616 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0941

Author: Visith Sitprija

]]> Animal toxins and the kidney Visith Sitprija doi:10.1038/ncpneph0941 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 616 (2008) 2008-09-23 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 4 11 Review 616 627 Understanding the pathophysiology of hemodialysis access problems as a prelude to developing innovative therapies http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0947 Maintenance of a functioning vascular access for hemodialysis is a major challenge. This Review summarizes recent insights into the pathophysiology of the major complications of vascular accesses—thrombosis, stenosis, aneurysms, fistula maturation failure and catheter infection—and outlines innovative ideas for the prevention and treatment of these complications that have emerged as a result of our improved understanding. These ideas include interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, blocking growth factors that are involved in intimal hyperplasia, and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases. Understanding the pathophysiology of hemodialysis access problems as a prelude to developing innovative therapies

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 628 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0947

Authors: Charles J Diskin, Thomas J Stokes, Linda M Dansby, Lautrec Radcliff & Thomas B Carter

]]> Understanding the pathophysiology of hemodialysis access problems as a prelude to developing innovative therapies Charles J Diskin Thomas J Stokes Linda M Dansby Lautrec Radcliff Thomas B Carter doi:10.1038/ncpneph0947 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 628 (2008) 2008-09-23 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-23 4 11 Review 628 638 Nodular glomerulosclerosis in a patient with metabolic syndrome without diabetes http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0946 This article reports on a case of biopsy-proven nodular glomerulosclerosis in a patient with progressively worsening renal function, metabolic syndrome, but no evidence of diabetes. The authors conclude that screening patients with the metabolic syndrome—even those without diabetes—for evidence of impaired renal function and treating eventually detected albuminuria could help prevent progressive kidney disease and reduce the associated morbidity and mortality risks. Nodular glomerulosclerosis in a patient with metabolic syndrome without diabetes

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 639 (2008). doi:10.1038/ncpneph0946

Authors: Pierre Souraty, Cynthia C Nast, Rajnish Mehrotra, Lilly Barba, John Martina & Sharon G Adler

]]> Nodular glomerulosclerosis in a patient with metabolic syndrome without diabetes Pierre Souraty Cynthia C Nast Rajnish Mehrotra Lilly Barba John Martina Sharon G Adler doi:10.1038/ncpneph0946 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 4, 639 (2008) 2008-09-16 Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2008-09-16 4 11 Case Study 639 642