Nature Neuroscience A multidisciplinary journal that publishes papers of the highest quality and significance in all areas of neuroscience. http://www.nature.com/neuro/current_issue/ Nature Publishing Group en © 2009 Nature Publishing Group Nature Neuroscience 1097-6256 1546-1726 © 2009 Nature Publishing Group permissions@nature.com Nature Neuroscience http://www.nature.com/includes/rj_globnavimages/nn_logo.gif http://www.nature.com/neuro/ Mutant LRRK2R1441G BAC transgenic mice recapitulate cardinal features of Parkinson's disease http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2349 Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. We created a LRRK2 transgenic mouse model that recapitulates cardinal features of the disease: an age-dependent and levodopa-responsive slowness of movement associated with diminished dopamine release and axonal pathology of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection. These mice provide a valid model of Parkinson's disease and are a resource for the investigation of pathogenesis and therapeutics. Mutant LRRK2R1441G BAC transgenic mice recapitulate cardinal features of Parkinson's disease

Nature Neuroscience 12, 826 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2349

Authors: Yanping Li, Wencheng Liu, Tinmarla F Oo, Lei Wang, Yi Tang, Vernice Jackson-Lewis, Chun Zhou, Kindiya Geghman, Mikhail Bogdanov, Serge Przedborski, M Flint Beal, Robert E Burke & Chenjian Li

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. We created a LRRK2 transgenic mouse model that recapitulates cardinal features of the disease: an age-dependent and levodopa-responsive slowness of movement associated with diminished dopamine release and axonal pathology of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection. These mice provide a valid model of Parkinson's disease and are a resource for the investigation of pathogenesis and therapeutics.

]]> Mutant LRRK2R1441G BAC transgenic mice recapitulate cardinal features of Parkinson's disease Yanping Li Wencheng Liu Tinmarla F Oo Lei Wang Yi Tang Vernice Jackson-Lewis Chun Zhou Kindiya Geghman Mikhail Bogdanov Serge Przedborski M Flint Beal Robert E Burke Chenjian Li doi:10.1038/nn.2349 Nature Neuroscience 12, 826 (2009) 2009-06-07 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-07 10.1038/nn.2349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2349 12 7 Brief Communication 826 828 βCaMKII controls the direction of plasticity at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapses http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2329 We found that βCaMKII, the predominant CaMKII isoform of the cerebellum, is important for controlling the direction of plasticity at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse; a protocol that induced synaptic depression in wild-type mice resulted in synaptic potentiation in Camk2b knockout mice and vice versa. These findings provide us with unique experimental insight into the mechanisms that transduce graded calcium signals into either synaptic depression or potentiation. βCaMKII controls the direction of plasticity at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapses

Nature Neuroscience 12, 823 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2329

Authors: Geeske M van Woerden, Freek E Hoebeek, Zhenyu Gao, Raghavendra Y Nagaraja, Casper C Hoogenraad, Steven A Kushner, Christian Hansel, Chris I De Zeeuw & Ype Elgersma

We found that βCaMKII, the predominant CaMKII isoform of the cerebellum, is important for controlling the direction of plasticity at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse; a protocol that induced synaptic depression in wild-type mice resulted in synaptic potentiation in Camk2b knockout mice and vice versa. These findings provide us with unique experimental insight into the mechanisms that transduce graded calcium signals into either synaptic depression or potentiation.

]]> βCaMKII controls the direction of plasticity at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapses Geeske M van Woerden Freek E Hoebeek Zhenyu Gao Raghavendra Y Nagaraja Casper C Hoogenraad Steven A Kushner Christian Hansel Chris I De Zeeuw Ype Elgersma doi:10.1038/nn.2329 Nature Neuroscience 12, 823 (2009) 2009-06-07 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-07 10.1038/nn.2329 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2329 12 7 Brief Communication 823 825 NADPH oxidase is the primary source of superoxide induced by NMDA receptor activation http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2334 NADPH oxidase is the primary source of superoxide induced by NMDA receptor activation

Nature Neuroscience 12, 857 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2334

Authors: Angela M Brennan, Sang Won Suh, Seok Joon Won, Purnima Narasimhan, Tiina M Kauppinen, Hokyou Lee, Ylva Edling, Pak H Chan & Raymond A Swanson

]]> NADPH oxidase is the primary source of superoxide induced by NMDA receptor activation Angela M Brennan Sang Won Suh Seok Joon Won Purnima Narasimhan Tiina M Kauppinen Hokyou Lee Ylva Edling Pak H Chan Raymond A Swanson doi:10.1038/nn.2334 Nature Neuroscience 12, 857 (2009) 2009-06-07 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-07 10.1038/nn.2334 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2334 12 7 Article 857 863 Brain extracellular matrix affects AMPA receptor lateral mobility and short-term synaptic plasticity http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2338 Brain extracellular matrix affects AMPA receptor lateral mobility and short-term synaptic plasticity

Nature Neuroscience 12, 897 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2338

Authors: Renato Frischknecht, Martin Heine, David Perrais, Constanze I Seidenbecher, Daniel Choquet & Eckart D Gundelfinger

]]> Brain extracellular matrix affects AMPA receptor lateral mobility and short-term synaptic plasticity Renato Frischknecht Martin Heine David Perrais Constanze I Seidenbecher Daniel Choquet Eckart D Gundelfinger doi:10.1038/nn.2338 Nature Neuroscience 12, 897 (2009) 2009-05-31 Nature Neuroscience 2009-05-31 10.1038/nn.2338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2338 12 7 Article 897 904 Odor quality coding and categorization in human posterior piriform cortex http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2324 Odor quality coding and categorization in human posterior piriform cortex

Nature Neuroscience 12, 932 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2324

Authors: James D Howard, Jane Plailly, Marcus Grueschow, John-Dylan Haynes & Jay A Gottfried

]]> Odor quality coding and categorization in human posterior piriform cortex James D Howard Jane Plailly Marcus Grueschow John-Dylan Haynes Jay A Gottfried doi:10.1038/nn.2324 Nature Neuroscience 12, 932 (2009) 2009-05-31 Nature Neuroscience 2009-05-31 10.1038/nn.2324 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2324 12 7 Article 932 938 Awake replay of remote experiences in the hippocampus http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2344 Awake replay of remote experiences in the hippocampus

Nature Neuroscience 12, 913 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2344

Authors: Mattias P Karlsson & Loren M Frank

]]> Awake replay of remote experiences in the hippocampus Mattias P Karlsson Loren M Frank doi:10.1038/nn.2344 Nature Neuroscience 12, 913 (2009) 2009-06-14 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-14 10.1038/nn.2344 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2344 12 7 Article 913 918 Roles of stargazin and phosphorylation in the control of AMPA receptor subcellular distribution http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2340 Roles of stargazin and phosphorylation in the control of AMPA receptor subcellular distribution

Nature Neuroscience 12, 888 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2340

Authors: Helmut W Kessels, Charles D Kopec, Matthew E Klein & Roberto Malinow

]]> Roles of stargazin and phosphorylation in the control of AMPA receptor subcellular distribution Helmut W Kessels Charles D Kopec Matthew E Klein Roberto Malinow doi:10.1038/nn.2340 Nature Neuroscience 12, 888 (2009) 2009-06-21 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-21 10.1038/nn.2340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2340 12 7 Article 888 896 Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2321 Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex

Nature Neuroscience 12, 939 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2321

Authors: Frédérique Kouneiher, Sylvain Charron & Etienne Koechlin

]]> Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex Frédérique Kouneiher Sylvain Charron Etienne Koechlin doi:10.1038/nn.2321 Nature Neuroscience 12, 939 (2009) 2009-06-07 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-07 10.1038/nn.2321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2321 12 7 Article 939 945 Regulation of acetylcholine receptor clustering by ADF/cofilin-directed vesicular trafficking http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2322 Regulation of acetylcholine receptor clustering by ADF/cofilin-directed vesicular trafficking

Nature Neuroscience 12, 848 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2322

Authors: Chi Wai Lee, Jianzhong Han, James R Bamburg, Liang Han, Rachel Lynn & James Q Zheng

]]> Regulation of acetylcholine receptor clustering by ADF/cofilin-directed vesicular trafficking Chi Wai Lee Jianzhong Han James R Bamburg Liang Han Rachel Lynn James Q Zheng doi:10.1038/nn.2322 Nature Neuroscience 12, 848 (2009) 2009-05-31 Nature Neuroscience 2009-05-31 10.1038/nn.2322 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2322 12 7 Article 848 856 Regulation of AMPA receptor extrasynaptic insertion by 4.1N, phosphorylation and palmitoylation http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2351 Regulation of AMPA receptor extrasynaptic insertion by 4.1N, phosphorylation and palmitoylation

Nature Neuroscience 12, 879 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2351

Authors: Da-Ting Lin, Yuichi Makino, Kamal Sharma, Takashi Hayashi, Rachael Neve, Kogo Takamiya & Richard L Huganir

]]> Regulation of AMPA receptor extrasynaptic insertion by 4.1N, phosphorylation and palmitoylation Da-Ting Lin Yuichi Makino Kamal Sharma Takashi Hayashi Rachael Neve Kogo Takamiya Richard L Huganir doi:10.1038/nn.2351 Nature Neuroscience 12, 879 (2009) 2009-06-07 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-07 10.1038/nn.2351 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2351 12 7 Article 879 887 Pathogenic huntingtin inhibits fast axonal transport by activating JNK3 and phosphorylating kinesin http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2346 Pathogenic huntingtin inhibits fast axonal transport by activating JNK3 and phosphorylating kinesin

Nature Neuroscience 12, 864 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2346

Authors: Gerardo A Morfini, Yi-Mei You, Sarah L Pollema, Agnieszka Kaminska, Katherine Liu, Katsuji Yoshioka, Benny Björkblom, Eleanor T Coffey, Carolina Bagnato, David Han, Chun-Fang Huang, Gary Banker, Gustavo Pigino & Scott T Brady

]]> Pathogenic huntingtin inhibits fast axonal transport by activating JNK3 and phosphorylating kinesin Gerardo A Morfini Yi-Mei You Sarah L Pollema Agnieszka Kaminska Katherine Liu Katsuji Yoshioka Benny Björkblom Eleanor T Coffey Carolina Bagnato David Han Chun-Fang Huang Gary Banker Gustavo Pigino Scott T Brady doi:10.1038/nn.2346 Nature Neuroscience 12, 864 (2009) 2009-06-14 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-14 10.1038/nn.2346 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2346 12 7 Article 864 871 Adenosine A2A receptor mediates microglial process retraction http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2341 Adenosine A2A receptor mediates microglial process retraction

Nature Neuroscience 12, 872 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2341

Authors: Anna G Orr, Adam L Orr, Xiao-Jiang Li, Robert E Gross & Stephen F Traynelis

]]> Adenosine A2A receptor mediates microglial process retraction Anna G Orr Adam L Orr Xiao-Jiang Li Robert E Gross Stephen F Traynelis doi:10.1038/nn.2341 Nature Neuroscience 12, 872 (2009) 2009-06-14 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-14 10.1038/nn.2341 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2341 12 7 Article 872 878 Replay of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2337 Replay of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep

Nature Neuroscience 12, 919 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2337

Authors: Adrien Peyrache, Mehdi Khamassi, Karim Benchenane, Sidney I Wiener & Francesco P Battaglia

]]> Replay of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep Adrien Peyrache Mehdi Khamassi Karim Benchenane Sidney I Wiener Francesco P Battaglia doi:10.1038/nn.2337 Nature Neuroscience 12, 919 (2009) 2009-05-31 Nature Neuroscience 2009-05-31 10.1038/nn.2337 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2337 12 7 Article 919 926 Adult birdsong is actively maintained by error correction http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2336 Adult birdsong is actively maintained by error correction

Nature Neuroscience 12, 927 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2336

Authors: Samuel J Sober & Michael S Brainard

]]> Adult birdsong is actively maintained by error correction Samuel J Sober Michael S Brainard doi:10.1038/nn.2336 Nature Neuroscience 12, 927 (2009) 2009-06-14 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-14 10.1038/nn.2336 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2336 12 7 Article 927 931 Cellular and systems mechanisms of memory strength as a constraint on auditory fear reconsolidation http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2350 Cellular and systems mechanisms of memory strength as a constraint on auditory fear reconsolidation

Nature Neuroscience 12, 905 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2350

Authors: Szu-Han Wang, Lucas de Oliveira Alvares & Karim Nader

]]> Cellular and systems mechanisms of memory strength as a constraint on auditory fear reconsolidation Szu-Han Wang Lucas de Oliveira Alvares Karim Nader doi:10.1038/nn.2350 Nature Neuroscience 12, 905 (2009) 2009-06-21 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-21 10.1038/nn.2350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2350 12 7 Article 905 912 Notch controls embryonic Schwann cell differentiation, postnatal myelination and adult plasticity http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2323 Notch controls embryonic Schwann cell differentiation, postnatal myelination and adult plasticity

Nature Neuroscience 12, 839 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2323

Authors: Ashwin Woodhoo, Maria B Duran Alonso, Anna Droggiti, Mark Turmaine, Maurizio D'Antonio, David B Parkinson, Daniel K Wilton, Raya Al-Shawi, Paul Simons, Jie Shen, Francois Guillemot, Freddy Radtke, Dies Meijer, M Laura Feltri, Lawrence Wrabetz, Rhona Mirsky & Kristján R Jessen

]]> Notch controls embryonic Schwann cell differentiation, postnatal myelination and adult plasticity Ashwin Woodhoo Maria B Duran Alonso Anna Droggiti Mark Turmaine Maurizio D'Antonio David B Parkinson Daniel K Wilton Raya Al-Shawi Paul Simons Jie Shen Francois Guillemot Freddy Radtke Dies Meijer M Laura Feltri Lawrence Wrabetz Rhona Mirsky Kristján R Jessen doi:10.1038/nn.2323 Nature Neuroscience 12, 839 (2009) 2009-06-14 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-14 10.1038/nn.2323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2323 12 7 Article 839 847 HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the β-catenin–TCF interaction http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2333 HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the β-catenin–TCF interaction

Nature Neuroscience 12, 829 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2333

Authors: Feng Ye, Ying Chen, ThaoNguyen Hoang, Rusty L Montgomery, Xian-hui Zhao, Hong Bu, Tom Hu, Makoto M Taketo, Johan H van Es, Hans Clevers, Jenny Hsieh, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N Olson & Q Richard Lu

]]> HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the β-catenin–TCF interaction Feng Ye Ying Chen ThaoNguyen Hoang Rusty L Montgomery Xian-hui Zhao Hong Bu Tom Hu Makoto M Taketo Johan H van Es Hans Clevers Jenny Hsieh Rhonda Bassel-Duby Eric N Olson Q Richard Lu doi:10.1038/nn.2333 Nature Neuroscience 12, 829 (2009) 2009-06-07 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-07 10.1038/nn.2333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2333 12 7 Article 829 838 Twin-spot MARCM to reveal the developmental origin and identity of neurons http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2345 A comprehensive understanding of the brain requires the analysis of individual neurons. We used twin-spot mosaic analysis with repressible cell markers (twin-spot MARCM) to trace cell lineages at high resolution by independently labeling paired sister clones. We determined patterns of neurogenesis and the influences of lineage on neuron-type specification. Notably, neural progenitors were able to yield intermediate precursors that create one, two or more neurons. Furthermore, neurons acquired stereotyped projections according to their temporal position in various brain sublineages. Twin-spot MARCM also permitted birth dating of mutant clones, enabling us to detect a single temporal fate that required chinmo in a sublineage of six Drosophila central complex neurons. In sum, twin-spot MARCM can reveal the developmental origins of neurons and the mechanisms that underlie cell fate. Twin-spot MARCM to reveal the developmental origin and identity of neurons

Nature Neuroscience 12, 947 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn.2345

Authors: Hung-Hsiang Yu, Chun-Hong Chen, Lei Shi, Yaling Huang & Tzumin Lee

A comprehensive understanding of the brain requires the analysis of individual neurons. We used twin-spot mosaic analysis with repressible cell markers (twin-spot MARCM) to trace cell lineages at high resolution by independently labeling paired sister clones. We determined patterns of neurogenesis and the influences of lineage on neuron-type specification. Notably, neural progenitors were able to yield intermediate precursors that create one, two or more neurons. Furthermore, neurons acquired stereotyped projections according to their temporal position in various brain sublineages. Twin-spot MARCM also permitted birth dating of mutant clones, enabling us to detect a single temporal fate that required chinmo in a sublineage of six Drosophila central complex neurons. In sum, twin-spot MARCM can reveal the developmental origins of neurons and the mechanisms that underlie cell fate.

]]> Twin-spot MARCM to reveal the developmental origin and identity of neurons Hung-Hsiang Yu Chun-Hong Chen Lei Shi Yaling Huang Tzumin Lee doi:10.1038/nn.2345 Nature Neuroscience 12, 947 (2009) 2009-06-14 Nature Neuroscience 2009-06-14 10.1038/nn.2345 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2345 12 7 Technical Report 947 953 Reactive oxygen species are NOXious for neurons http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-819 Mitochondria are considered to be the main source of reactive oxygen species during glutamate excitotoxicity. Data now support a prominent role in this process for NADPH oxidase, the enzyme that neutrophils use to kill bacteria. Reactive oxygen species are NOXious for neurons

Nature Neuroscience 12, 819 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn0709-819

Authors: Nicolas Demaurex & Luca Scorrano

Mitochondria are considered to be the main source of reactive oxygen species during glutamate excitotoxicity. Data now support a prominent role in this process for NADPH oxidase, the enzyme that neutrophils use to kill bacteria.

]]> Reactive oxygen species are NOXious for neurons Nicolas Demaurex Luca Scorrano doi:10.1038/nn0709-819 Nature Neuroscience 12, 819 (2009) Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn0709-819 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-819 12 7 News and Views 819 820 Prefrontal cortex and cognitive control: motivating functional hierarchies http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-821 How different frontal brain regions contribute to goal-directed behavior is not fully understood. A study now suggests a parallel functional architecture in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex for motivating and selecting behavior. Prefrontal cortex and cognitive control: motivating functional hierarchies

Nature Neuroscience 12, 821 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn0709-821

Author: Tobias Egner

How different frontal brain regions contribute to goal-directed behavior is not fully understood. A study now suggests a parallel functional architecture in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex for motivating and selecting behavior.

]]> Prefrontal cortex and cognitive control: motivating functional hierarchies Tobias Egner doi:10.1038/nn0709-821 Nature Neuroscience 12, 821 (2009) Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn0709-821 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-821 12 7 News and Views 821 822 Working on a Dream http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-811 Working on a Dream

Nature Neuroscience 12, 811 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn0709-811

Authors: Manfred Hallschmid & Jan Born

]]> Working on a Dream Manfred Hallschmid Jan Born doi:10.1038/nn0709-811 Nature Neuroscience 12, 811 (2009) Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn0709-811 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-811 12 7 Book Review 811 811 Genetics meets epigenetics: HDACs and Wnt signaling in myelin development and regeneration http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-815 A study shows that the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 stimulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by antagonizing the inhibitory action of Wnt signaling, linking genetic and epigenetic control of oligodendrocyte development. Genetics meets epigenetics: HDACs and Wnt signaling in myelin development and regeneration

Nature Neuroscience 12, 815 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn0709-815

Authors: Huiliang Li & William D Richardson

A study shows that the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 stimulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by antagonizing the inhibitory action of Wnt signaling, linking genetic and epigenetic control of oligodendrocyte development.

]]> Genetics meets epigenetics: HDACs and Wnt signaling in myelin development and regeneration Huiliang Li William D Richardson doi:10.1038/nn0709-815 Nature Neuroscience 12, 815 (2009) Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn0709-815 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-815 12 7 News and Views 815 817 Stop and go GABA http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-817 A recent study shows that GABA switches from stimulating to inhibiting interneuron motility during neocortical development. This change in response is gated by the expression of the chloride transporter KCC2. Stop and go GABA

Nature Neuroscience 12, 817 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn0709-817

Authors: Brady J Maher & Joseph J LoTurco

A recent study shows that GABA switches from stimulating to inhibiting interneuron motility during neocortical development. This change in response is gated by the expression of the chloride transporter KCC2.

]]> Stop and go GABA Brady J Maher Joseph J LoTurco doi:10.1038/nn0709-817 Nature Neuroscience 12, 817 (2009) Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn0709-817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-817 12 7 News and Views 817 818 A noseful of objects http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-813 How are volatile molecules entering the nose converted to odor percepts in the brain? A fMRI study finds that distributed patterns of activity in the human posterior piriform cortex code the perceived category of odorants. This categorization of odors into objects is independent of their chemical structure. A noseful of objects

Nature Neuroscience 12, 813 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn0709-813

Author: Christian Margot

How are volatile molecules entering the nose converted to odor percepts in the brain? A fMRI study finds that distributed patterns of activity in the human posterior piriform cortex code the perceived category of odorants. This categorization of odors into objects is independent of their chemical structure.

]]> A noseful of objects Christian Margot doi:10.1038/nn0709-813 Nature Neuroscience 12, 813 (2009) Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn0709-813 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-813 12 7 News and Views 813 814 Mining chemistry for psychiatry http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-809 A new initiative aims to jump-start drug development for psychiatric diseases by inviting neuroscientists with unconventional ideas to avail themselves of an established high-throughput chemical screening platform. Mining chemistry for psychiatry

Nature Neuroscience 12, 809 (2009). doi:10.1038/nn0709-809

A new initiative aims to jump-start drug development for psychiatric diseases by inviting neuroscientists with unconventional ideas to avail themselves of an established high-throughput chemical screening platform.

]]> Mining chemistry for psychiatry doi:10.1038/nn0709-809 Nature Neuroscience 12, 809 (2009) Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn0709-809 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0709-809 12 7 Editorial 809 809