Research and recovery - p1129

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1129

The global economy is in trouble. Investment in biomedical research should be a key ingredient in any recovery plan.

Abstract - | Full Text - Research and recovery | PDF (101 KB) - Research and recovery

US researchers await key science appointments by next president - p1131

Amber Dance

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1131

Full Text - US researchers await key science appointments by next president | PDF (1,827 KB) - US researchers await key science appointments by next president

China takes first steps toward healthcare and drug reforms - p1132

Virginia Hughes

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1132a

Full Text - China takes first steps toward healthcare and drug reforms | PDF (141 KB) - China takes first steps toward healthcare and drug reforms

Nobel decision stirs viral dismay - p1132

Coco Ballantyne

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1132b

Full Text - Nobel decision stirs viral dismay | PDF (141 KB) - Nobel decision stirs viral dismay

India plans for interdisciplinary neuroscience research center - p1133

TV Padma

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1133a

Full Text - India plans for interdisciplinary neuroscience research center | PDF (76 KB) - India plans for interdisciplinary neuroscience research center

Publication is positively skewed - p1133

Genevive Bjorn

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1133b

Full Text - Publication is positively skewed | PDF (76 KB) - Publication is positively skewed

Australia grants license for therapeutic cloning - p1134

Simon Grose

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1134a

Full Text - Australia grants license for therapeutic cloning | PDF (133 KB) - Australia grants license for therapeutic cloning

Safer stem cells - p1134

Genevive Bjorn

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1134b

Full Text - Safer stem cells | PDF (133 KB) - Safer stem cells

The chronic debate over Lyme disease - pp1135 - 1139

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1135

A small group of doctors—and a large number of patients—say Lyme disease can sometimes manifest as a chronic illness, one that evades conventional medical tests and treatments. The physicians who support this theory flout standard medical guidelines and treat patients with long-term antibiotic therapies that mainstream researchers say are unproven and potentially dangerous. Coco Ballantyne reports on how the controversy over Lyme disease has become increasing polarized.

Abstract - | Full Text - The chronic debate over Lyme disease | PDF (2,505 KB) - The chronic debate over Lyme disease

News in brief - pp1140 - 1141

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1140

Full Text - News in brief | PDF (744 KB) - News in brief

Straight talk with...Ray Moynihan - pp1142 - 1143

Genevive Bjorn

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1142

The relationship between pharmaceutical companies and medical professionals has become too close for comfort, say many experts. They fear that the situation can breed conflicts of interest that lead to the creation of new, poorly defined concepts of illnesses—so called 'disease mongering'. The problem is a growing one, according to Ray Moynihan, honorary lecturer on topics such as 'medicine and the media' at the School of Medicine and Public Health at the University of Newcastle in Callaghan, Australia and co-author of the book Selling Sickness: How the World's Biggest Pharmaceutical Companies Are Turning Us All into Patients. Genevive Bjorn talked with Moynihan, who helped organize the first world conference on disease mongering, about how this phenomenon affects health priorities.

Abstract - | Full Text - Straight talk with...Ray Moynihan | PDF (353 KB) - Straight talk with...Ray Moynihan

Putting alternative medicine to the test - p1145

Brian Dolan reviews Snake Oil Science: The Truth About Complementary and Alternative Medicine by R. Barker Bausell

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1145

Full Text - Putting alternative medicine to the test | PDF (104 KB) - Putting alternative medicine to the test

Healing hemangiomas - pp1147 - 1148

Lena Claesson-Welsh

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1147

Defective signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor seems to underlie the development of hemangiomas, disfiguring tumors arising early in life (pages 1236–1246).

Abstract - | Full Text - Healing hemangiomas | PDF (1,143 KB) - Healing hemangiomas

See also: Article by Jinnin et al.

Epstein-Barr virus sustains tumor killers - pp1148 - 1150

Richard J O'Reilly

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1148

The immune system's response to a latent and ubiquitous virus is harnessed to kill tumors in a small study of humans. The approach overcomes a major barrier to effective tumor immunotherapy—generating a sustained immune response (pages 1264–1270).

Abstract - | Full Text - Epstein-Barr virus sustains tumor killers | PDF (296 KB) - Epstein-Barr virus sustains tumor killers

See also: Article by Pule et al.

HLA class I: friend and foe of multiple sclerosis - pp1150 - 1151

Roland Martin

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1150

Findings in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis highlight the contribution of CD8⁺ T cells, previously largely ignored in this disease. The work also helps answer why certain variants of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex are protective, while others increase risk for disease (pages 1227–1235).

Abstract - | Full Text - HLA class I: friend and foe of multiple sclerosis | PDF (129 KB) - HLA class I: friend and foe of multiple sclerosis

See also: Article by Friese et al.

RIG-ing an antitumor response - pp1152 - 1153

Fabio Petrocca & Judy Lieberman

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1152

A small interfering RNA has been engineered to silence an oncogene and activate the immune response simultaneously. The approach shrinks tumors in mice (pages 1256–1263).

Abstract - | Full Text - RIG-ing an antitumor response | PDF (311 KB) - RIG-ing an antitumor response

See also: Article by Poeck et al.

Community corner - p1154

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1154

Full Text - Community corner | PDF (200 KB) - Community corner

Graft-versus-host disease: suppression by statins - pp1155 - 1156

Raewyn Broady & Megan K Levings

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1155

Two big challenges of transplantation biology are controlling the reaction of the graft to the host after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and preventing rejection of donor organs by the host. Raewyn Broady and Megan K. Levings discuss the first challenge, examining studies suggesting that statins might be helpful to control graft-versus-host disease. Kathryn Wood tackles the second challenge in the context of the 'Edmonton protocol', a procedure that can restore the ability to control blood glucose in people with type 1 diabetes—but only in the short term.

Abstract - | Full Text - Graft-versus-host disease: suppression by statins | PDF (256 KB) - Graft-versus-host disease: suppression by statins

Outlook for longer-lasting islets - pp1156 - 1157

Kathryn Wood

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1156

Full Text - Outlook for longer-lasting islets | PDF (1,510 KB) - Outlook for longer-lasting islets

Research Highlights - pp1158 - 1159

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1158

Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (373 KB) - Research Highlights

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Reproductive biology - p1166

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1166

In what direction is the field of reproductive biology moving? Do funding priorities match hot research areas? In this special focus, we try to find out.

Abstract - | Full Text - Reproductive biology | PDF (60 KB) - Reproductive biology

Focus on Reproductive Biology

As obesity epidemic grows, research shows fitness benefits fetal development - p1167

Genevive Bjorn

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1167

Full Text - As obesity epidemic grows, research shows fitness benefits fetal development | PDF (251 KB) - As obesity epidemic grows, research shows fitness benefits fetal development

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Interventions might offer a pregnant pause in addiction - p1168

Erika Check Hayden

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1168

Full Text - Interventions might offer a pregnant pause in addiction | PDF (166 KB) - Interventions might offer a pregnant pause in addiction

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Better tests boost IVF success - p1169

Coco Ballantyne

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1169a

Full Text - Better tests boost IVF success | PDF (166 KB) - Better tests boost IVF success

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Delivery decision is nothing to sneeze at - p1169

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1169b

Full Text - Delivery decision is nothing to sneeze at | PDF (166 KB) - Delivery decision is nothing to sneeze at

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Male biological clock possibly linked to autism, other disorders - p1170

Charlotte Schubert

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1170a

Full Text - Male biological clock possibly linked to autism, other disorders | PDF (154 KB) - Male biological clock possibly linked to autism, other disorders

Focus on Reproductive Biology

New techniques preserve fertility hope for women - p1170

Apoorva Mandavilli

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1170b

Full Text - New techniques preserve fertility hope for women | PDF (238 KB) - New techniques preserve fertility hope for women

Focus on Reproductive Biology

As IVF becomes more common, some concerns remain - p1171

Prashant Nair

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1171

Full Text - As IVF becomes more common, some concerns remain | PDF (153 KB) - As IVF becomes more common, some concerns remain

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Common reproductive disorders may have immunological basis - p1172

Alisa Opar

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1172

Full Text - Common reproductive disorders may have immunological basis | PDF (133 KB) - Common reproductive disorders may have immunological basis

Focus on Reproductive Biology

My mother's keeper - p1173

Coco Ballantyne

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1173

Full Text - My mother's keeper | PDF (155 KB) - My mother's keeper

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Geneticists crack the code of infertility - p1174

Virginia Hughes

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1174

Full Text - Geneticists crack the code of infertility | PDF (164 KB) - Geneticists crack the code of infertility

Focus on Reproductive Biology

The top papers on reproduction research 2004–2008 - pp1178 - 1179

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1178

Which papers have provided the most interesting advances in reproduction research over the past three or four years? Which new discoveries have been the most important to or are likely to have the highest impact on the field?

Abstract - | Full Text - The top papers on reproduction research 2004–2008 | PDF (169 KB) - The top papers on reproduction research 2004–2008

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Highly cited papers on reproductive biology (2005–2007) - pp1180 - 1181

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1180

Full Text - Highly cited papers on reproductive biology (2005–2007) | PDF (82 KB) - Highly cited papers on reproductive biology (2005–2007)

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Advances in fertility preservation for female cancer survivors - pp1182 - 1184

Mats Brännström & Milan Milenkovic

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1182

A method using tissue engineering principles for the culture of immature ovarian follicles followed by fertilization of oocytes in vitro has been presented by Xu et al.¹. This methodology is a great step forward toward new technology for fertility preservation in female cancer patients.

Abstract - | Full Text - Advances in fertility preservation for female cancer survivors | PDF (1,692 KB) - Advances in fertility preservation for female cancer survivors

Focus on Reproductive Biology

The upside of natural killers - pp1184 - 1185

Khalil Karimi, Sandra M Blois & Petra C Arck

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1184

Natural killer (NK) cells, originally so named because they have the capacity to kill other cells without activation, can be licensed and educated to regulate tissue homeostasis. This notion has recently been shown in reproduction—in both normal physiology by Hanna et al. and severe pathophysiology (preeclampsia) by Hiby et al.

Abstract - | Full Text - The upside of natural killers | PDF (590 KB) - The upside of natural killers

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Is it my grandparents' fault? - pp1186 - 1187

Bernard Robaire

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1186

Results from two independent groups of researchers have revolutionized our thinking about the potential long-term consequences of exposure to common foreign chemicals, or xenobiotics. The studies indicate that exposure to such chemicals during key windows of gestation can affect not only the children exposed in utero but also their children and perhaps even their grandchildren.

Abstract - | Full Text - Is it my grandparents' fault? | PDF (91 KB) - Is it my grandparents' fault?

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Angiogenesis factors and preeclampsia - pp1187 - 1188

Ralf Dechend & Friedrich C Luft

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1187

Two recent studies—one in humans by Levine et al. in 2004 and one in mice by Venkatesha et al. in 2006—have shown an important role for placental-derived soluble antiangiogenic factors as mediators of the pathologies associated with preeclampsia. These findings may have profound implications for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this devastating condition.

Abstract - | Full Text - Angiogenesis factors and preeclampsia | PDF (92 KB) - Angiogenesis factors and preeclampsia

Focus on Reproductive Biology

From stem cells to germ cells and back again - pp1188 - 1190

Marco Conti & Linda Giudice

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1188

Producing germ cells in vitro would open important new avenues for regenerative medicine, and obtaining alternative sources of pluripotent stem cells is desirable. In this regard, Geijsen et al. have shown that it is possible to differentiate stem cells into cells similar to male gametes, whereas Guan et al. reported the ability to turn undifferentiated germ cells into pluripotent stem cells.

Abstract - | Full Text - From stem cells to germ cells and back again | PDF (598 KB) - From stem cells to germ cells and back again

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Making eggs: is it now or later? - pp1190 - 1191

Teresa K Woodruff

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1190

Although it has been thought that female mammals develop all the eggs they will ever have by the time they are born, new research suggesting otherwise has now sparked a debate.

Abstract - | Full Text - Making eggs: is it now or later? | PDF (133 KB) - Making eggs: is it now or later?

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Two faces of PTEN - pp1192 - 1193

Takiko Daikoku & Sudhansu K Dey

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1192

A small number of women (approximately 1%) suffer from premature ovarian failure in which their ovarian follicle reserve is exhausted before age 40. Recent studies in mice show that the absence of a tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, in oocytes prematurely induces global follicular activation, depleting the follicle reserve in a manner similar to premature ovarian failure.

Abstract - | Full Text - Two faces of PTEN | PDF (1,467 KB) - Two faces of PTEN

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Research Highlights - p1194

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1194

Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (521 KB) - Research Highlights

Focus on Reproductive Biology

The biology of infertility: research advances and clinical challenges - pp1197 - 1213

Martin M Matzuk & Dolores J Lamb

doi:10.1038/nm.f.1895

Abstract - | Full Text - The biology of infertility: research advances and clinical challenges | PDF (1,592 KB) - The biology of infertility: research advances and clinical challenges | Supplementary information

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Funding for the reproductive sciences in the US - pp1214 - 1217

Jerome F Strauss, III & Louis V De Paolo

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1214

Full Text - Funding for the reproductive sciences in the US | PDF (119 KB) - Funding for the reproductive sciences in the US

Focus on Reproductive Biology

Funding for research in reproduction in the European Union - pp1218 - 1220

Gérard Chaouat

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1218

Full Text - Funding for research in reproduction in the European Union | PDF (105 KB) - Funding for research in reproduction in the European Union

Focus on Reproductive Biology

European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective - p1222

Carlos Simón

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1222a

Funds from the European Union are not the only source available to the continent's reproductive research community. Each country independently sponsors the work of these scientists, but, as illustrated by snapshots in the following pages, there are huge differences in the commitment of the various European nations to tackle the challenges of reproductive biomedicine.

Abstract - | Full Text - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective | PDF (777 KB) - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective

Focus on Reproductive Biology

European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective - p1222

Thomas M D'Hooghe

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1222b

Funds from the European Union are not the only source available to the continent's reproductive research community. Each country independently sponsors the work of these scientists, but, as illustrated by snapshots in the following pages, there are huge differences in the commitment of the various European nations to tackle the challenges of reproductive biomedicine.

Abstract - | Full Text - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective | PDF (777 KB) - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective

Focus on Reproductive Biology

European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective - p1223

Daniel Rukavina

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1223a

Funds from the European Union are not the only source available to the continent's reproductive research community. Each country independently sponsors the work of these scientists, but, as illustrated by snapshots in the following pages, there are huge differences in the commitment of the various European nations to tackle the challenges of reproductive biomedicine.

Abstract - | Full Text - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective | PDF (777 KB) - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective

Focus on Reproductive Biology

European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective - p1223

Antonis Makrigiannakis

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1223b

Funds from the European Union are not the only source available to the continent's reproductive research community. Each country independently sponsors the work of these scientists, but, as illustrated by snapshots in the following pages, there are huge differences in the commitment of the various European nations to tackle the challenges of reproductive biomedicine.

Abstract - | Full Text - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective | PDF (777 KB) - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective

Focus on Reproductive Biology

European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective - p1224

Hilary Critchley & Philippa Saunders

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1224a

Funds from the European Union are not the only source available to the continent's reproductive research community. Each country independently sponsors the work of these scientists, but, as illustrated by snapshots in the following pages, there are huge differences in the commitment of the various European nations to tackle the challenges of reproductive biomedicine.

Abstract - | Full Text - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective | PDF (777 KB) - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective

Focus on Reproductive Biology

European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective - p1224

Thomas Strowitzki

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1224b

Funds from the European Union are not the only source available to the continent's reproductive research community. Each country independently sponsors the work of these scientists, but, as illustrated by snapshots in the following pages, there are huge differences in the commitment of the various European nations to tackle the challenges of reproductive biomedicine.

Abstract - | Full Text - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective | PDF (777 KB) - European funding for reproduction research—A multinational perspective

Opposing effects of HLA class I molecules in tuning autoreactive CD8⁺ T cells in multiple sclerosis - pp1227 - 1235

Manuel A Friese, Karen B Jakobsen, Lone Friis, Ruth Etzensperger, Matthew J Craner, Róisín M McMahon, Lise T Jensen, Véronique Huygelen, E Yvonne Jones, John I Bell & Lars Fugger

doi:10.1038/nm.1881

Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles and CD4⁺ T cells have been implicated in multiple sclerosis, Friese et al. provide here the first direct evidence incriminating MHC class I genes and CD8⁺ T cells in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disorder (pages 1150–1151).

Abstract - | Full Text - Opposing effects of HLA class I molecules in tuning autoreactive CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis | PDF (1,020 KB) - Opposing effects of HLA class I molecules in tuning autoreactive CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Martin

Suppressed NFAT-dependent VEGFR1 expression and constitutive VEGFR2 signaling in infantile hemangioma - pp1236 - 1246

Masatoshi Jinnin, Damian Medici, Lucy Park, Nisha Limaye, Yanqiu Liu, Elisa Boscolo, Joyce Bischoff, Miikka Vikkula, Eileen Boye & Bjorn R Olsen

doi:10.1038/nm.1877

Bjorn Olsen and his coworkers shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the proangiogenic properties of endothelial cells in hemangiomas, tracing these properties to decreased activity of a signaling pathway involving NFAT transcription factor regulation of VEGFR1 receptor expression. They also identify germline mutations in genes encoding elements of this signaling pathway in a subset of individuals with hemangioma and suggest that interventions in this pathway could have therapeutic effects (pages 1147–1148).

Abstract - | Full Text - Suppressed NFAT-dependent VEGFR1 expression and constitutive VEGFR2 signaling in infantile hemangioma | PDF (721 KB) - Suppressed NFAT-dependent VEGFR1 expression and constitutive VEGFR2 signaling in infantile hemangioma | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Claesson-Welsh

Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is a sphingosine storage disease that causes deregulation of lysosomal calcium - pp1247 - 1255

Emyr Lloyd-Evans, Anthony J Morgan, Xingxuan He, David A Smith, Elena Elliot-Smith, Daniel J Sillence, Grant C Churchill, Edward H Schuchman, Antony Galione & Frances M Platt

doi:10.1038/nm.1876

Niemann-Pick type C1 is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. The authors show that NPC1 regulates calcium levels in the lysosome, and calcium dysregulation could be the proximal event in inducing the accumulation of lipids that characterizes the disease.

Abstract - | Full Text - Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is a sphingosine storage disease that causes deregulation of lysosomal calcium | PDF (780 KB) - Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is a sphingosine storage disease that causes deregulation of lysosomal calcium | Supplementary information

5'-triphosphate-siRNA: turning gene silencing and Rig-I activation against melanoma - pp1256 - 1263

Hendrik Poeck, Robert Besch, Cornelius Maihoefer, Marcel Renn, Damia Tormo, Svetlana Shulga Morskaya, Susanne Kirschnek, Evelyn Gaffal, Jennifer Landsberg, Johannes Hellmuth, Andreas Schmidt, David Anz, Michael Bscheider, Tobias Schwerd, Carola Berking, Carole Bourquin, Ulrich Kalinke, Elisabeth Kremmer, Hiroki Kato, Shizuo Akira, Rachel Meyers, Georg Häcker, Michael Neuenhahn, Dirk Busch, Jürgen Ruland, Simon Rothenfusser, Marco Prinz, Veit Hornung, Stefan Endres, Thomas Tüting & Gunther Hartmann

doi:10.1038/nm.1887

siRNA is used to silence expression of a specific gene and, if modified by a triphosphate at the 5' end, will also activate the helicase Rig-I, leading to interferon production. Poeck et al. now combine both of these activities in a single siRNA to kill melanoma cells by crippling a crucial tumor cell survival pathway and triggering an interferon-dependent antitumor immune response (pages 1152–1153).

Abstract - | Full Text - 5'-triphosphate-siRNA: turning gene silencing and Rig-I activation against melanoma | PDF (494 KB) - 5'-triphosphate-siRNA: turning gene silencing and Rig-I activation against melanoma | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Petrocca & Lieberman

Virus-specific T cells engineered to coexpress tumor-specific receptors: persistence and antitumor activity in individuals with neuroblastoma - pp1264 - 1270

Martin A Pule, Barbara Savoldo, G Doug Myers, Claudia Rossig, Heidi V Russell, Gianpietro Dotti, M Helen Huls, Enli Liu, Adrian P Gee, Zhuyong Mei, Eric Yvon, Heidi L Weiss, Hao Liu, Cliona M Rooney, Helen E Heslop & Malcolm K Brenner

doi:10.1038/nm.1882

The promise of engineered T cells for treating cancer has been mitigated by their poor persistence when transferred to patients. Pule et al. now show that dual-specific T cells that recognize an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen and a tumor antigen survive longer in individuals with neuroblastoma. Engineering virus-specific T cells to recognize tumor antigens may improve the efficacy of this immunotherapy in latently infected cancer patients (pages 1148–1150).

Abstract - | Full Text - Virus-specific T cells engineered to coexpress tumor-specific receptors: persistence and antitumor activity in individuals with neuroblastoma | PDF (487 KB) - Virus-specific T cells engineered to coexpress tumor-specific receptors: persistence and antitumor activity in individuals with neuroblastoma | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by O'Reilly

The miR-15a–miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities - pp1271 - 1277

Désirée Bonci, Valeria Coppola, Maria Musumeci, Antonio Addario, Raffaella Giuffrida, Lorenzo Memeo, Leonardo D'Urso, Alfredo Pagliuca, Mauro Biffoni, Catherine Labbaye, Monica Bartucci, Giovanni Muto, Cesare Peschle & Ruggero De Maria

doi:10.1038/nm.1880

Two microRNAs, miR-15a and miR-16, localize to a chromosome region that is frequently deleted in cancer. Bonci et al. now show that these microRNAs have tumor suppressive effects in prostate cancer cells and regulate the expression of crucial oncogenic targets.

First Paragraph - | Full Text - The miR-15a–miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities | PDF (578 KB) - The miR-15a–miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities | Supplementary information

Engineering microRNA responsiveness to decrease virus pathogenicity - pp1278 - 1283

Elizabeth J Kelly, Elizabeth M Hadac, Suzanne Greiner & Stephen J Russell

doi:10.1038/nm.1776

Kelly et al. offer a method for controlling the tropism of replicating viruses. Viral replication in a specific target tissue is inhibited by incorporation of tissue-specific microRNA targets within the viral genome. Using an oncolytic picornavirus that causes myositis in tumor-bearing mice, they show the virus is unable to replicate in muscle but still retains oncolytic activity, with implications for the clinical use of oncolytic viruses and vaccine development.

Abstract - | Full Text - Engineering microRNA responsiveness to decrease virus pathogenicity | PDF (580 KB) - Engineering microRNA responsiveness to decrease virus pathogenicity | Supplementary information

HIT: a versatile proteomics platform for multianalyte phenotyping of cytokines, intracellular proteins and surface molecules - pp1284 - 1289

Michael G Kattah, John Coller, Regina K Cheung, Neekaan Oshidary & Paul J Utz

doi:10.1038/nm.1755

There is a pressing need for better methods to analyze specific proteins in a high-throughput manner. Current approaches involve studying only a few markers at a time. Here Kattah and his colleagues describe a new technology for multiplexed protein detection called high-throughput immunophenotyping using transcription (HIT). Use of this multianalyte, antibody-based protein array platform is demonstrated for profiling cytokines in serum, intracellular signaling molecules and cell surface markers.

Abstract - | Full Text - HIT: a versatile proteomics platform for multianalyte phenotyping of cytokines, intracellular proteins and surface molecules | PDF (652 KB) - HIT: a versatile proteomics platform for multianalyte phenotyping of cytokines, intracellular proteins and surface molecules | Supplementary information

Erratum: Straight talk with...Charles Grassley - p1290

Meredith Wadman

doi:10.1038/nm1108-1290

Full Text - Erratum: Straight talk with...Charles Grassley | PDF (44 KB) - Erratum: Straight talk with...Charles Grassley