Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is implicated in cognitive functions, and its loss is a factor in pathological brain ageing. There are similarities between these processes and the neurological and cognitive deficits observed in patients with long COVID. Here, we explore the hypothesis that neuroanatomical and transcriptomic alterations associated with long COVID could stem from this neuroendocrine perturbation.
Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency (IAI) is the most common form of adrenal insufficiency in adult patients. This comprehensive Review aims to aid clinicians in identifying who is at risk of IAI, how to approach screening of at-risk populations and how to treat patients with IAI.
Vitamin D is precursor of the steroid hormone calcitriol and has important functions throughout the body, including increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with a range of disorders, including several bone diseases. However, large trials of vitamin D supplementation have produced mixed results. Here, experts from around the world discuss several key questions in the vitamin D research and clinical fields.
The protein complex mTORC1 is a key regulator of cellular metabolism in response to energy availability. This Review discusses the role of mTORC1 in regulating energy expenditure and the implications for the development and treatment of obesity.
Schuermans et al. report phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3 (PLAAT3) deficiency in patients with lipodystrophy and peripheral neuropathy. Their discovery adds to the growing list of genetic lipodystrophies due to deficiencies of enzymes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis, including 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 and choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1 A.
Organoid technologies are a potent tool for investigating human biology, modelling diseases and developing novel therapies. In this Viewpoint, experts in metabolic and endocrine research in the brain, pituitary, skeletal muscle, bone and gastrointestinal system discuss how organoids and related bioengineered systems are currently used in their field and how innovations in these technologies could transform future research.
In this Review, the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms by which obesity impairs key aspects of immunity are discussed, including changes in the abundance of key hormones, dysregulation of adipose-tissue-derived extracellular vesicles and dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism.
This Review describes a promising, bidirectional role for ghrelin in the interaction between circadian rhythms and metabolism. The authors explore how ghrelin affects outputs of circadian rhythm — including neuronal activity, circulating growth hormone levels, locomotor activity and eating behaviour — and discuss how circadian rhythms influence ghrelin expression.
This Review describes the luteal phase of natural menstrual cycles and in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The authors highlight the need for luteal phase support during IVF, outlining various luteal phase support regimens, mechanisms for luteal phase deficiency and potential biomarkers of endometrial receptivity.
This Review discusses notable discoveries in pituitary stem cell function and highlights important areas for current and future research, including the use of pituitary organoids for the advancement of pituitary stem cell biology and pituitary organogenesis as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
The metabolic dysfunction that characterizes obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus affects not only the heart and kidneys, but also the liver. Although lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone in the management of metabolic liver diseases, the field has progressed this year, with a new definition, validation of non-invasive biomarkers and numerous clinical trials.
The management of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma associated with pathogenic variants in SDHB can be challenging. This Consensus statement aims to provide a guide for the clinical decision-making process in these patients.