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Health equity is when every person can achieve their full potential for health and wellbeing. In this Viewpoint, global experts discuss the root causes and contributing factors to health inequity in endocrinology. Potential action points and research directions to help reduce health disparities are also discussed.
Over the past decade, the focus on modelling the human endometrium and its cyclical transformations has intensified, driven in part by the lack of notable progress in treating endometrial diseases. Gnecco and collaborators now unveil a cutting-edge endometrial organoid culture using synthetic hydrogels with endometrial niche peptides and epithelial and stromal cells.
This Review discusses the current understanding of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells. Discussion of these cells is used as an example of how metabolic tissue niches can dictate immune cell function in unique ways that diverge from the classic understanding of leukocyte biology.
Inter-organ crosstalk is increasingly understood as an important mechanism contributing to insulin resistance and β-cell failure, the key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This Review discusses mediators of inter-organ crosstalk in type 2 diabetes mellitus, its pathogenesis and its related complications.
A recent study by Zhou and colleagues proposed that low metabolic elasticity and gene elasticity are involved in the metabolic alterations observed in ageing and obesity. Here, we discuss some of their findings to provide a viewpoint on these potential new traits associated with metabolic health.
The debut of stem cell-derived islets in the clinic for glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus has garnered much excitement. Ongoing research in this field guarantees to be transformative for modern treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Evidence indicates an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after breast cancer treatment, particularly for endocrine therapy. This Review outlines the evidence for adverse metabolic effects of endocrine therapies in humans. Potential mechanisms, informed by preclinical research, for the increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus are discussed.
This Review emphasizes new insights into adipose tissue endothelial cell biology and alterations linked to obesity. In particular, studies highlighting the identification of adipose tissue endothelial cell heterogeneity, epigenetic factors, and plasticity of adipocytes and endothelial cells are presented.
This Review discusses newly discovered functions of pituitary hormones on bone, adipose tissue and the brain. Mechanisms of pituitary hormone actions on somatic organs and neural function are outlined. The role of dysregulated pituitary hormone function in multiple diseases and the potential for targeting ligands and receptors therapeutically are discussed.
Adipocytes have high levels of many components of the complement system. These components are involved in antimicrobial activities, but also have the potential to regulate the maintenance and turn-over of adipocytes under normal and pathophysiological conditions through positive and negative regulation of the membrane attack complex.