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Two studies have characterized a distinct molecular signature of intratumoral CD4+regulatory T cells from various tumours that correlates with cancer prognosis.
T follicular regulatory cells suppress antibody production through the induction of a unique suppressive state in T follicular helper cells and B cells.
Tumour-derived lactic acid dampens the activation and cytokine production of infiltrating T cells and natural killer cells, allowing tumours to escape immune detection and promoting tumour growth.
Fasting metabolism has opposing roles in maintaining tissue tolerance; anorexia improves survival during bacterial infection whereas it has detrimental effects during viral infection.
There are no obvious clinical symptoms of long-term deficiency of innate lymphoid cells in humans, which suggests that their postulated functions might be redundant.