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Recent studies show that antigenic peptides are derived from the translation of precursor mRNAs. Robin Fåhraeus argues that it is therefore time to re-evaluate nuclear translation and its interesting implications.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Edoardo José Longarini and Helen Dauben (from the Matić lab) describe the development and applications of mono-ADP-ribosylation antibodies and peptides.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Sarah Paramore (from the Devenport and Nelson labs) discusses the use of mouse strains carrying genomic alterations in PCP genes and how they can increase our understanding of mammalian planar cell polarity.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Christine Lim and Alicia González Díaz (Vendruscolo lab) describe a pipeline for the identification and characterization of proteins whose phase separation is altered in disease.
Bulut-Karslıoğlu remembers the publication of two seminal papers that described bivalent chromatin and how this discovery continues to affect research to this day.
Anne West recounts the study that showed postnatal accumulation of non-CpG DNA methylation in neurons coinciding with postnatal synapse maturation, suggesting that it contributes to brain function.
Embedded within the complexity of biological systems lies a formidable task: deciphering the intricate architecture of macromolecules. In this Viewpoint, a panel of experts discuss the key challenges and opportunities of macromolecular structure determination, highlighting the crucial synergy between empirical experimentation and artificial intelligence-based techniques in unravelling these complexities.
Antioxidants modulate the levels of reactive oxygen species to allow their physiological roles whilst minimizing the oxidative damage and pathology. The roles and mechanisms of antioxidants are complex and context-dependent, necessitating better understanding of their actions in vivo and warranting caution with their use as therapeutic agents.
Targeted editing of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes has therapeutic, agricultural and environmental potential, but it is challenging owing to inability of transfecting (guide) RNA into the organelles. Recent designs of protein-only, programmable base editors open promising avenues for organellar DNA editing in cell lines, animals and plants.
Forkhead box (FOXO) transcription factors are important mediators of cell stress responses, generally considered to preserve homeostasis and counteract ageing. However, FOXO-mediated mechanisms can also support the survival of cancer and other dysfunctional cells, thereby complicating the link between FOXOs and lifespan extension.
The mitochondrial proteome is highly complex, comprising ~1,000–1,500 proteins in mammals. Recent technological advances are now helping to refine the mitochondrial proteome and are assisting in characterizing mitochondrial protein functions, paving the way for better diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial diseases.
