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Neuronally expressed major histocompatibility complex class I molecule H2-Dbregulates structural and functional plasticity at retinogeniculate synapses.
Activation of microglial complement receptor 3 by an inflammatory stimulus in the presence of hypoxia induces long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.
An event that is experienced from an 'out-of-body' perspective is remembered less well and its recall does not induce the usual pattern of hippocampal activation.
Both GABAergic and glutamatergic projections can modulate the strength of electrical coupling between inferior olive neurons and alter neuron synchronization in the cerebellar inferior olive.
JUN amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) regulate various processes in neurodevelopment and the adult brain. In this Review, Coffey examines the neuronal functions of JNKs and the therapeutic potential of targeting these kinases in various diseases of the nervous system.
Microglia and macrophages have crucial roles in nervous system development, maintenance and disease. In this Review, Prinz and Priller describe recently discovered details of the embryonic origins and functions of microglia that distinguish them from the other macrophage populations that reside in the brain.
Intracortical brain–machine interfaces with sensorimotor cortices are one approach by which a person can exert voluntary control over a prosthetic limb or paralysed muscles. In this Review, Bensmaia and Miller review recent achievements and remaining challenges in the development of intracortical brain–machine interfaces.
The role of astrocytic Ca2+ signalling in synaptic function remains elusive. In this Opinion article, Volterra and colleagues discuss how recent data reveal an unexpected complexity of Ca2+dynamics in astrocytes, which both challenges current thinking and suggests a new conceptual and experimental framework to address astrocyte function.
Bilingualism has attracted attention for its reported effects on linguistic and cognitive abilities. In this Opinion article, Costa and Sebastián-Gallés provide their view on how learning and speaking two languages affects language acquisition and processing as well as executive control processes.