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During periods of energy stress, glycolytic enzymes become localized near synaptic release sites and are crucial for maintaining energy levels, the synaptic vesicle cycle and behaviour inCaenorhabditis elegans.
A miniaturized spinning bioreactor is used to generate cerebral organoids that mimic key aspects of human cortical development and that can be used to investigate the effects of Zika virus infection on neural development.
AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit composition is thought to influence trafficking, but recent findings have challenged previously accepted models for how this might occur. In this Review, Henley and Wilkinson provide an overview of how different receptor subunits affect AMPAR assembly, trafficking and function under normal and pathological conditions.
One of the greatest challenges in treating addiction is preventing relapse during abstinence. In this Review, Marina Wolf discusses rodent models of cocaine craving that reveal the synaptic plasticity that occurs in reward-related brain regions during the abstinence phase.
Primates have a functional network in frontal and parietal cortices that allows them to quantify the number of elements in a stimulus; that is, its numerosity or cardinality. In this Review, Andreas Nieder examines how neurons in this network process cardinal numbers.
A nucleotide repeat expansion (NRE) within the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene is linked to multiple neurological conditions. Rothstein and colleagues evaluate the evidence indicating that the NRE causes a loss of C9orf72 function or drives toxic gain-of-function mechanisms and consider the cellular defects through which the mutation drives disease pathology.
