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Two studies demonstrate the power of combining induced pluripotent stem cell technology with CRISPR-mediated gene editing to investigate neurobiological mechanisms.
In zebrafish, pioneer axons of the dorsal root ganglia require the release of synaptic-like vesicles to enter the spinal cord, suggesting that synaptic vesicles have a role in circuit formation ahead of synaptogenesis.
The 15q11.2 copy number deletion, which is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, is found in rodents to result in reduced myelin thickness, lower functional connectivity and motor deficits.
The perirhinal cortex forms part of the medial temporal lobe and has an established role in episodic memory formation. Yasushi Miyashita reviews the neural circuitry and the function of the perirhinal cortex and proposes that it acts as a hub linking episodic and semantic memory.
The brain’s default network is thought to comprise a set of regions in the association cortex. Randy Buckner and Lauren DiNicola review findings from humans, monkeys and rodents indicating that multiple subnetworks make up the default network and explore the implications of these observations.
Humans and other animals use spatial hearing to rapidly localize events in the environment. Here, van der Heijden and colleagues discuss the latest insights from neurophysiological, neuroimaging and computational modelling studies into the cortical encoding of sound location.
Mental imagery plays a role in a variety of cognitive processes such as memory recall. In this review, Joel Pearson discusses recent insights into the neural mechanisms that underlie visual imagery, how imagery can be objectively and reliably measured, and how it affects general cognition.
Successful learning and decision-making require estimates of expected uncertainty and unexpected uncertainty. Soltani and Izquierdo define these concepts, describe proposed models of how they may be computed and discuss their neural substrates.
