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Neurons in the mouse postrhinal cortex receive visual inputs from the superior colliculus and respond to visual motion independently of the primary visual cortex.
During nervous system development, secretion of netrin 1 from both the floorplate and the ventricular zone is shown to be important for guidance of commissural axons towards the ventral midline of the spinal cord.
In a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, calcium enters neurons via ‘nanoruptures’ in the cell membrane and accumulates in the cytoplasm of axons, driving axonal degeneration.
Epigenetic mechanisms play an important part in learning and memory. Here, Campbell and Wood give an overview of epigenetic mechanisms that are necessary for such processes, with a particular focus on the bidirectional relationship between the epigenome and the synapse.
Oxidative damage plays a key role in the development of Alzheimer disease. In this Review, Butterfield and Halliwell discuss how this damage relates to impaired brain glucose metabolism and proteostasis defects and how knowledge of it may suggest potential therapies.
Why is the human cerebral cortex folded? Llinares-Benadero and Borrell provide an overview of the mechanical, cellular and molecular factors — and the interactions among them — that influence cortical folding in gyrencephalic species.
Neurosecretion is controlled by SNAREs and SNARE-binding proteins and is initiated by the influx of Ca2+ ions through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). In this Review, Dittman and Ryan discuss progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of VGCCs and fusion machinery.
