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Dyskinesia is a treatment-limiting side effect of dopaminergic replacement therapies in Parkinson's disease. Here Jenner discusses what we know about the molecular causes of dyskinesia induction and expression, highlighting recent findings that suggest that altered glutamatergic transmission might be important.
The genetic interactions that pattern the embryonic telencephalon are highly complex. Fishell and Hébert bring clarity to these events by describing the key genetic interactions that underlie the patterning of the early telencephalon into distinct proliferative zones.
The detection of a moving object's velocity by the visual system is thought to require several sequential computational steps. Bradley and Goyal outline current theoretical models that explain how local-velocity estimates are obtained and integrated, and consider the experimental evidence for each model.
Computational neuroscience contributes to our understanding of complex diseases. Here, Rolls and colleagues review several models of schizophrenia, focusing on those that include attractor networks. They show how reduced stability of attractor networks in the prefrontal cortex might produce symptoms of schizophrenia.
Brain activity has been used as an intermediate phenotype that links genetic polymorphisms with cognitive (dys)function. Gray and colleagues discuss how this approach can be refined to ultimately reveal how variations in DNA can lead to changes in cognitive function.
The development of real-time fMRI has enabled us to watch our own brain in action 'live'. Christopher deCharms provides an overview of current and potential applications of this technique, including its use as a brain–machine interface and in learned control over brain activation.