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Nature Publishing Group grants permission for authors, readers and third parties to reproduce material from its journals and online products as part of another publication or entity. This includes, for example, the use of a figure in a presentation, the posting of an abstract on a web site, or the reproduction of a full article within another journal. Certain permissions can be granted free of charge; others incur a fee.

For answers to frequently asked questions click here

Types of permission request

Permission can be obtained for re-use of portions of material - ranging from a single figure to a whole paper - in books, journals/magazines, newsletters, theses/dissertations, classroom materials/academic course packs, academic conference materials, training materials (including continuing medical education), promotional materials, and web sites. Some permission requests can be granted free of charge, others carry a fee.

Nature Publishing Group rarely grants free permission for PDFs of full papers to be reproduced online, however e-print PDFs can be purchased as commercial reprints. If you wish to purchase multiple stand-alone copies of a Nature Publishing Group paper, which is then printed and shipped to you, please go to commercial reprints.

Permission request options

Permission requests from authors

The authors of articles published by Nature Publishing Group, or the authors' designated agents, do not usually need to seek permission for re-use of their material as long as the journal is credited with initial publication. For further information about the terms of re-use for authors please see below.

Author Requests

If you are the author of this content (or his/her designated agent) please read the following. Since 2003, ownership of copyright in the article remains with the Authors, and provided that, when reproducing the Contribution or extracts from it, the Authors acknowledge first and reference publication in the Journal, the Authors retain the following non-exclusive rights:

  1. To reproduce the Contribution in whole or in part in any printed volume (book or thesis) of which they are the author(s).
  2. They and any academic institution where they work at the time may reproduce the Contribution for the purpose of course teaching.
  3. To reuse figures or tables created by them and contained in the Contribution in other works created by them.
  4. To post a copy of the Contribution as accepted for publication after peer review (in Word or Tex format) on the Author's own web site, or the Author's institutional repository, or the Author's funding body's archive, six months after publication of the printed or online edition of the Journal, provided that they also link to the Journal article on NPG's web site (eg through the DOI).

NPG encourages the self-archiving of the accepted version of your manuscript in your funding agency's or institution's repository, six months after publication. This policy complements the recently announced policies of the US National Institutes of Health, Wellcome Trust and other research funding bodies around the world. NPG recognizes the efforts of funding bodies to increase access to the research they fund, and we strongly encourage authors to participate in such efforts.

Authors wishing to use the published version of their article for promotional use or on a web site must request in the normal way.

If you require further assistance please read NPG's online author reuse guidelines.

Note: British Journal of Cancer and Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics maintain copyright polices of their own that are different from the general NPG policies. Please consult these journals to learn more.

Ordering permissions online

Most permission requests can be granted online through the Rightslink® service. To use this system, locate the article for which you wish to request a permission by using the advanced search.

Beneath the listing for the paper (when found through the search), you will find a clickable option 'Rights and Permissions', which will take you to the order entry page from which you can request your permission.

To request a permission through the Rightslink® service you will be required to create an account by filling out a simple online form. Most customers can order and, where necessary, make payment - by credit card or invoice - through the Rightslink® service. Rightslink then issues a printable licence, which is the official confirmation that permission has been granted.

For questions about RightslinkŪ accounts, please telephone Copyright Clearance Center customer support on 877 622 5543 (toll free inside the USA) or e-mail customercare@copyright.com. Note that once you have created a Rightslink® account you can use this in the future to request and pay for permissions from other participating publishers.

If the abstract or article does not contain a 'Rights and permissions' link, or the article that you wish to request permission to re-use has not yet been published, or pre-dates our online archive, please e-mail the appropriate permissions manager for the journal.

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