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Cell signalling is the mechanism by which stimuli are transmitted via a signalling cascade to effector molecules that orchestrate the appropriate response. Types of cell signalling pathways include checkpoint signalling, lipid signalling, growth signalling, nutrient signalling, insulin signalling, stress signalling, morphogen signalling, Hippo signalling, TOR signalling and integrin signalling.
This Review discusses the role of AMPK in cancer cachexia and metabolic dysfunction, including discussion of how targeting AMPK might be an option to preserve muscle and adipose tissue mass.
The peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme ACOX1 increases in liver with obesity, but the physiological significance is unclear. Here, the authors show that liver-specific knockout of Acox1 leads to accumulation of omega-3 VLCFAs that promote metabolic health through activation of GPR120 in adipose tissue.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) is kept in an activated state in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) through PRMT5 methylation, which also controls STAT’s transcriptional activity and tumour growth and cancer stem cell maintenance support.
Here, using cryo-EM, the authors reveal the mechanism by which RecA filamented on single-stranded DNA binds to and induces LexA cleavage, the key signal governing the bacterial DNA damage response pathway implicated in antibiotic resistance.
Verheyen and Gottardi revisit two seminal papers by the Basler, Peifer and Clevers labs elucidating the role of nuclear β-catenin in Wnt signal transduction through its interaction with TCF at Wnt target genes.