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A proteolytically derived fragment of the epigenetic regulator HDAC4 protects the heart through transcriptional repression of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, thereby inhibiting protein O-GlcNAcylation and maintaining normal calcium handling and contractility of cardiomyocytes.
A comprehensive molecular analysis of almost 1,000 pediatric subjects with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) uncovers widespread differences in pediatric AML as compared to adult AML, including a higher frequency of structural variants and different mutational patterns and epigenetic signatures. Future studies are needed to characterize the functional relevance of these alterations and to explore age-tailored therapies to improve disease control in younger patients.
ALOX12-mediated generation of 12-HETE leads to GPR31 activation and liver injury in ischemia–reperfusion, which can be targeted in a nonhuman primate model to improve outcome.
In an article published recently in Nature Medicine, the authors generate organoid models of liver neoplasia. In doing so, they highlight both the diversity of current organoid methodologies and their application to cancer modeling and therapeutics discovery.
In a recent study, Maciocia et al. develop a novel T cell receptor beta (TCRB) constant C1-chain-directed cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of T cell malignancies.
From policy advisors who resigned in protest to an agency trying to settle a patent dispute, many of the newsmakers in our 2017 Yearbook made notable decisions.
From a worldwide march in favor of science to an increased focus on diversity and gender equality in the workplace, 2017 was a year that was dominated by activism and social causes. Amidst these events, however, were concerns over unproven treatments and emergency funding.
In 2017, cancer drugs once again dominated the news, with many of these medications making headlines for being the first of their kind to gain approval. Beyond cancer, drugs for inflammatory diseases also received attention, for both their successes and their failures.
Signals that govern immune cells in the heart remain poorly defined. A new report in mice shows that pathways involved in sensing viruses orchestrate monocyte and macrophage activation through recognition of DNA derived from dying cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction.
A new study shows that deleting uncoupling protein 1 activates Ca2+ cycling thermogenesis within beige fat, protecting mice against cold-induced hypothermia and dysglycemia following diet-induced obesity.
Better animal models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are needed to more fully understand the disease and to identify potential new therapeutic treatments for this increasingly common condition.
This past year included numerous research studies that broke the mold and elucidated new biology and drug targets. Here are some of the exciting papers from 2017 that moved biomedicine forward.
Through injection of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain extracts containing pathological tau protein into transgenic mouse lines harboring different levels of amyloid plaque burden, the authors find that the presence of amyloid plaques modifies endogenous pools of tau protein, creating a unique environment required for the seeding and spreading of distinct tau pathologies.