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This Review focuses on the regulation of inflammation by peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and liver X receptors (LXRs). These nuclear receptors work in combination with the glucocorticoid receptor (another member of the nuclear-receptor superfamily) to coordinate the inflammatory response.
Adrian Hill gives us a rundown of the latest developments in malaria vaccine research, and he highlights the recent promising results from clinical trials in Africa of vaccines that target the pre-erythrocytic stages of the malaria life cycle.
NOD1 and NOD2 are intracellular sensors of microbial components derived from bacterial peptidoglycan. This Review describes the signalling pathways of these NOD proteins and details their role in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and the induction of mucosal immunity.
Although Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most widely studied pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), non-TLR PRRs are also important sensors of pathogens. This Review describes the role of one non-TLR PRR, dectin-1, in immunity and the implications of this role for the function of other non-TLR PRRs.