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Programmed cell death of infected host cells builds up the first line of defence against viruses. Here, Mocarski and colleagues describe the tight regulation of caspase 8-dependent apoptosis and programmed necrosis and discuss how viral inhibitors of cell death may have contributed to the evolution of programmed necrosis to promote host survival.
This Review describes the dynamic interactions that occur between haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), immune cells and their specialized niches in the bone marrow. The authors discuss how the signals provided by the niche help HSCs and immune cells to respond to injury or inflammation in peripheral tissues.
Vaccines have been highly successful in protecting us from infectious disease and there is now much interest in the use of vaccination to tackle other health issues. This article discusses the feasibility, as well as the ethical implications, of vaccinating patients against drugs of abuse.
As discussed here, ubiquitylation is involved in many aspects of the immune system, including the innate immune response to pathogens, antigen presentation and the activation of the adaptive immune system. As a result, pathogens have evolved many ways to exploit this form of immune regulation.