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A study in Nature Biotechnology investigated context-specific host–microorganisms interactions by using spatial transcriptomics to profile gene expression of host and microbial genes simultaneously.
This Review from Wolfgang Kastenmüller and colleagues highlights the heterogeneity that exists among lymph nodes at different anatomical locations. The authors consider the factors that contribute to lymph node heterogeneity and explain the relevance of this for the immune response, particularly in the contexts of vaccination and cancer.
This Review from Wellford and Moseman considers the unique immunology of the olfactory mucosa. The authors describe how stromal cells, innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells cooperate to defend the olfactory mucosa, protecting the host from potentially serious respiratory or neurotropic infections. They also discuss the relevance of olfactory mucosal immunology for the fields of vaccination and neurodegeneration.
The induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance is considered the 'holy grail' of disease management for autoimmunity and organ transplantation. Are we getting any closer to this goal? Here, the authors update us on the current progress and challenges to the therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance.
Inhibition of adrenergic receptors following a traumatic brain injury reduces cerebral oedema and inflammation by restoring fluid efflux through the glymphatic and lymphatic systems.
A new mouse model of sleep deprivation reveals a potent pathway by which sleep-related changes in prostaglandin D2 in the central nervous system can affect the peripheral immune system.
A preprint by Faust et al. determines mechanisms of crosstalk between adipocytes and fibroblasts in the joint relevant to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
In this Review, Butterfield and Najjar discuss the rationale for combination strategies in cancer, including combinations of different immunotherapies and combinations of immunotherapies with other types of therapies. Moreover, they examine the evolution of biomarker approaches to guide such therapies.
A preprint by Dhariwala et al. reports that monocytes in the skin of newborn mice suppress microbiota-driven inflammatory responses by sequestering IL-1 to prevent T cell activation.
In this Review, Liston et al. discuss the biology of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the brain. They consider how Treg cells are recruited to the brain and their anti-inflammatory and reparative functions in brain tissue. Finally, they highlight the potential for targeting brain Treg cells to treat a range of neurological diseases.
Gary Koretzky, who was president of the American Association of Immunologists from 2021 to 2022, shares his thoughts on the responsibility of scientists to make science more accessible to a broad public, and reflects on lessons learned during the pandemic.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Leanne Arakkal (of the Ronald Germain group) describes a technique for highly multiplexed imaging of intact tissues.