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Transcriptomic analysis of susceptible and resilient subtypes of retinal ganglion cells following injury reveal resilience-associated genes, which when overexpressed in susceptible types increase survival.
The impact of RNA modifications, such as RNA methylation, on gene expression and cellular function has been the subject of recent intense investigations. Here Dominissini and colleagues provide an overview of the mechanisms of such epitranscriptomic regulation and their functional consequences in the nervous system.
Specific subpopulations of vagal mechanoreceptors that sense intestinal stretch are identified by transcriptomic approaches and are shown to induce satiety.
In Alzheimer disease, the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to drive both tau pathology and neurodegeneration. In this Review, van der Kant et al. discuss the evidence for Aβ-independent drivers of tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and the implications for therapeutic development.
Although the retinas of most vertebrates share the same basic blueprint, there is substantial variability in their detailed structure and function. Baden and colleagues describe the extent of this diversity and explore the factors that contribute to species-specific adaptations in retinal organization.
In individuals with inflammation of the central nervous system, B cells enter and accumulate in the cerebrospinal fluid, brain parenchyma and perivascular spaces. Here, Joseph Sabatino and colleagues review the contributions of B cells — both in the periphery and sequestered within the central nervous system — to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
Emerging data suggest a key role for dopamine in the perceptual disturbances that occur in psychotic disorders. In this Review, Horga and Abi-Dargham discuss a framework focused on perceptual inference, emphasizing the role of dopamine and the relevant associative cortico–striatal circuits.
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are emerging tools to elucidate the inner workings of the brain. In this Review, Knopfel and Song outline the potentials of GEVI imaging based on recent neurotechnological and conceptual advances in the brain sciences.