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Normal pacemaking activity in dopamine neurons in the SNc results in high basal mitochondrial oxidative stress levels in these neurons, rendering them vulnerable to degeneration.
Humans can use conscious thought to regulate the activity of MTL neurons encoding different concepts, thereby overriding neuronal activation induced by sensory input.
Signalling through the BDNF pathway in the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens has opposing effects on cocaine reward.