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Using data from the Human Connectome Project and a semi-automated neuroanatomical approach, a study has generated a new multi-modal parcellation of the human cerebral cortex.
The proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the embryonic and adult brain are influenced by various processes, including epigenetic regulation. Song and colleagues review the epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis in health and in various brain disorders, placing their focus on DNA and histone modifications.
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have diverse functional roles in the nervous system. In this Review, the authors discuss the roles of these proteins in neural development, including cortical patterning, dendrite and synapse formation, and myelination.
Mossy cells are a major subpopulation of glutamatergic principal neurons within the dentate gyrus; however, their roles in hippocampal circuitry are poorly understood. Scharfman describes how new techniques to probe mossy cell function are shedding light on their contribution to hippocampal function and behaviour.
The development of alcohol use disorder involves a transition from the moderate use to the excessive, uncontrolled consumption of alcohol. Focusing on findings in rodents, Ron and Barak review the intracellular signalling cascades that underlie this transition and the molecular mechanisms that act against it.
Research on the neural substrates of drug addiction has yet to be translated into a treatment of addiction. Heiliget al. propose that finding neural links between social factors, such as exclusion, and drug addiction would help to make addiction neuroscience research more clinically relevant.
