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A role for Bicaudal-D2 in radial cerebellar granule cell migration
Bicaudal-D is an evolutionary conserved dynein adaptor protein, and missense mutations in this protein are associated with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Here, Jaarsma et al.show that Bicaudal-D also plays an essential role in controlling neuronal migration and lamination in the developing mouse cerebellum.
- Dick Jaarsma
- , Robert van den Berg
- & Casper C. Hoogenraad
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Nuclear receptor NR4A1 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis by activating TGF-β signalling
The TGF-β signalling pathway promotes cancer progression in late stage breast cancer, but how the pathway is activated is not always clear. In this study, Zhou et al.identify that the expression of nuclear receptor NR4A1 is induced by inflammation and is an activator of TGF-β-induced metastasis.
- FangFang Zhou
- , Yvette Drabsch
- & Peter ten Dijke
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| Open AccessAn antagonistic interaction between PlexinB2 and Rnd3 controls RhoA activity and cortical neuron migration
The small GTPases Rnd2 and Rnd3 act downstream of proneural factors to control the migrating behaviour of neurons in the mouse embryonic cerebral cortex. Here, Azzarelli et al. show that Rnd3 binding to the semaphorin receptor PlexinB2 fine-tunes the levels of active RhoA required for cortical neuron migration.
- Roberta Azzarelli
- , Emilie Pacary
- & François Guillemot
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The splicing activator DAZAP1 integrates splicing control into MEK/Erk-regulated cell proliferation and migration
DAZAP1 is a multi-functional RNA-binding protein that affects diverse aspects of RNA metabolism. Here, Choudhury et al.demonstrate that DAZAP1 acts as a general splice activator regulated by MEK/ERK signalling and thereby serves to integrate splice control into the regulation of cellular proliferation.
- Rajarshi Choudhury
- , Sreerupa Ghose Roy
- & Zefeng Wang
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Lysine-specific demethylase 1 regulates differentiation onset and migration of trophoblast stem cells
The histone demethylase Lsd1 regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem cells. Here, the authors show that the loss of Lsd1 in the trophectoderm of mouse embryos leads to premature differentiation of trophoblast stem cells, partially due to de-repression of the transcription factor Ovol2.
- Dongmei Zhu
- , Stefanie Hölz
- & Roland Schüle
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| Open AccessmicroRNA-181a has a critical role in ovarian cancer progression through the regulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage when metastasis has already occurred. In this study, Parikh et al.show that mir-181a is involved in mediating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer, leading to activation of the TGF-β signalling pathway and metastasis.
- Aditya Parikh
- , Christine Lee
- & Analisa DiFeo
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Wnt5a uses CD146 as a receptor to regulate cell motility and convergent extension
Non-canonical Wnt signalling regulates cell migration and convergent extension during embryonic development; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Ye et al.identify CD146 as a receptor for Wnt5a, and show that this receptor inhibits canonical Wnt signalling pathways.
- Zhongde Ye
- , Chunxia Zhang
- & Xiyun Yan
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| Open AccessMechanisms of leading edge protrusion in interstitial migration
Much of our understanding of the role of actin in cell migration is based on studies of cells moving across two-dimensional surfaces. Wilson et al.show that cells crawling in three dimensions through a narrow channel form two functionally distinct actin networks at the leading edge.
- Kerry Wilson
- , Alexandre Lewalle
- & Guillaume Charras
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| Open AccessTriggers of key calcium signals during erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 1 (PfRH1) and erythrocyte-binding-like protein EBA175 are important for parasite invasion of host cells. Here, Gao et al.show that PfRH1 activates calcium signalling, which induces release of EBA175 and allows junction formation between host cell and parasite.
- Xiaohong Gao
- , Karthigayan Gunalan
- & Peter R. Preiser
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Synthetic polyamines promote rapid lamellipodial growth by regulating actin dynamics
While small molecules that destabilize actin filaments are readily available, artificially stimulating actin polymerization in cells typically involves genetic manipulation. Here, the authors design cell-permeable branched polyamines that promote lamellipodium formation by stimulating actin polymerization.
- Iliana Nedeva
- , Girish Koripelly
- & Daniel Riveline
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Autonomous vascular networks synchronize GABA neuron migration in the embryonic forebrain
The simultaneous activity of chemorepulsive and chemoattractive gradients is implicated in gamma-aminobutyric acid neuron migration during embryonic development. Won et al.show that preformed vascular networks provide these repulsive and attractive gradients to GABAergic neurons as they migrate through the telencephalon.
- Chungkil Won
- , Zhicheng Lin
- & Anju Vasudevan
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Extracellular matrix inhibits structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines in the adult visual cortex
Neuronal connectivity in the mature brain is stabilized by the extracellular matrix. This study shows that degradation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the matrix increases connectivity in the adult cortex by causing a large increase in motility and functional plasticity of dendritic spines.
- L. de Vivo
- , S. Landi
- & G.M. Ratto
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| Open AccessInterplay between myosin IIA-mediated contractility and actin network integrity orchestrates podosome composition and oscillations
Dendritic cells use protrusive structures called podosomes to probe the extracellular environment. Here the authors reveal how interplay between actin-mediated core growth and myosin-mediated tension regulates podosome protrusion.
- K. van den Dries
- , M.B.M Meddens
- & A. Cambi
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| Open AccessSpatial association with PTEX complexes defines regions for effector export into Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes
During red blood cell infection, malaria parasites export hundreds of proteins that remodel the host cell surface. Cowman and colleagues identify a putative protein translocator complex spatially associated with exported proteins, revealing the cellular domains involved in protein export.
- David T. Riglar
- , Kelly L. Rogers
- & Alan F. Cowman
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MicroRNA-30c inhibits human breast tumour chemotherapy resistance by regulating TWF1 and IL-11
The role of microRNAs in chemotherapy resistance remains to be elucidated. Bockhorn et al.report that microRNA-30c, a human breast tumour prognostic marker, has a key role by targeting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition promoter twinfilin 1 and downstream interleukin-11 expression.
- Jessica Bockhorn
- , Rachel Dalton
- & Huiping Liu
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Interaction between p68 RNA helicase and Ca2+-calmodulin promotes cell migration and metastasis
Cell migration requires motor protein-driven delivery of proteins to the leading edge. This study shows that p68 RNA helicase behaves as a microtubule-based motor upon binding calmodulin, and that blocking this interaction inhibits cancer cell metastasis.
- Haizhen Wang
- , Xueliang Gao
- & Zhi-Ren Liu
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Mst1 regulates integrin-dependent thymocyte trafficking and antigen recognition in the thymus
Autoreactive T cells are eliminated as they encounter self-antigens during transit through the thymus. Uedaet al. reveal that mice lacking the Hippo homologue Mst1 develop autoimmunity as a result of impaired integrin-dependent T cell migration through this negatively selective niche.
- Yoshihiro Ueda
- , Koko Katagiri
- & Tatsuo Kinashi
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| Open AccessDynamics of anterior–posterior axis formation in the developing mouse embryo
Detailed analysis of axis development in mouse embryo has been limited. Morriset al. developed an in vitroculture technique that enables the real-time observation of an anterior visceral endoderm formation and show that cell marker asymmetry within the AVE subdomain dictates the direction of the AVE migration.
- Samantha A. Morris
- , Seema Grewal
- & Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
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| Open AccessGenome-wide functional screening of miR-23b as a pleiotropic modulator suppressing cancer metastasis
microRNAs are known to be deregulated in cancer. Using a screen for microRNAs that alter cell migration, Zhanget al. show that mir-23b blocks cell migration in vitro and in vivoand is reduced in expression in human colon cancer, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this microRNA.
- Hanshuo Zhang
- , Yang Hao
- & Jianzhong Jeff Xi
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| Open AccessActive sampling and decision making in Drosophila chemotaxis
Drosophila melanogaster larvae demonstrate chemotaxis towards odours but their navigation mechanism is poorly understood. Using computer-vision tracking, Gomez-Marinet al.show that larvae ascend odour gradients using an active sampling strategy that is analogous to sniffing in vertebrates.
- Alex Gomez-Marin
- , Greg J. Stephens
- & Matthieu Louis
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Migration of growth factor-stimulated epithelial and endothelial cells depends on EGFR transactivation by ADAM17
Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinases FGFR2 and VEGFR2 results in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell migration. Here, the authors demonstrate that shedding of HB-EGF—a substrate of the metalloproteinase ADAM17—and activation of EGFR is required for FGFR2 and VEGFR2 mediated cell migration.
- Thorsten Maretzky
- , Astrid Evers
- & Carl P. Blobel