miRNA in immune cells articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Effective CD8+ T cell immunity requires the generation of a long-lived memory pool and the maintenance of a non-exhausted effector T cell pool. The implementation of immune checkpoint blockade can reduced levels of exhaustion but lacks the ability to support memory formation in the effector pool. Here the authors suggest a role for Let-7 in the enhancement of the anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response by supporting memory via modulation of metabolic and differentiation state.

    • Alexandria C. Wells
    • , Kaito A. Hioki
    •  & Leonid A. Pobezinsky

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Mechanisms of non-response to ustekinumab, a biologic targeting IL-23, are currently unclear. Here, the authors show that the transcriptional program regulated by IL-22, an IL-23 responsive cytokine, is enriched in patients with ulcerative colitis unresponsive to ustekinumab and associated with higher colon neutrophil recruitment and activation of upstream IL-22 regulators.

    • Polychronis Pavlidis
    • , Anastasia Tsakmaki
    •  & Nick Powell

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate immune cells with diverse functions. Here the authors use single-cell RNA-sequencing of purified human bone marrow and peripheral blood NK cells to define five populations of NK cells with distinct transcriptomic profile to further our understanding of NK development and heterogeneity.

    • Chao Yang
    • , Jason R. Siebert
    •  & Subramaniam Malarkannan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The inability of T cells to properly mount anti-tumour immunity underlies failed cancer immune surveillance or therapy. Here the authors show that a microRNA, miR-155, suppresses Ship1 phosphatase expression to modulate epigenetic reprogramming of CD8 T cell differentiation via the Phf19/PRC2 axis, thereby implicating a novel aspect of cancer immunity regulation.

    • Yun Ji
    • , Jessica Fioravanti
    •  & Luca Gattinoni

  • Article
    | Open Access

    MicroRNA miR-181a has been implicated in the regulation of T cell activation and development. Here the authors show that miR-181a is regulated by a transcription factor, YY1, with reduced YY1 expression linked to reduced miR-181a in old individuals, while silencing YY1 impairs T cell functions largely through influencing the expression of miR-181a targets.

    • Zhongde Ye
    • , Guangjin Li
    •  & Jörg J. Goronzy

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In the germinal center (GC), B and T cells interact to induce the production of protective antibodies against threats. Here the authors show that microRNA miR-146a modulates CD40 signaling in GC B cells, while both miR-146a and miR-146b synergize to control GC T cell responses, thereby implicating intricate controls of GC response by miR-146.

    • Sunglim Cho
    • , Hyang-Mi Lee
    •  & Li-Fan Lu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    MicroRNAs (miR) are important regulators of gene transcription, with miR-155 and miR-146a both implicated in macrophage activation. Here the authors show that NF-κB signalling, miR-155 and miR-146a form a complex network of cross-regulations to control gene transcription in macrophages for modulating inflammatory responses.

    • Mati Mann
    • , Arnav Mehta
    •  & David Baltimore

  • Article
    | Open Access

    C/EBPα is a critical transcription factor involved in myelopoiesis and its inactivation is associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here the authors show a negative feedback loop between C/EBPα and miR-182 and identify this miRNA as a marker of high-risk AML.

    • Alexander Arthur Wurm
    • , Polina Zjablovskaja
    •  & Gerhard Behre

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The transcriptional program activated by Smad2/Smad3 is critical for the induction and function of regulatory T cells. Here the authors show that the expression of Smad3 is modulated by the complementary functions of a methyltransferase Ash1l and an lncRNA lnc-Smad3 on the promoter accessibility of the mouseSmad3locus.

    • Meng Xia
    • , Juan Liu
    •  & Xuetao Cao

  • Article
    | Open Access

    MiR-155 is thought to inhibit PU.1 and thereby drive antigen-induced B-cell maturation. Here the authors show that patients with rheumatoid arthritis have high B-cell miR-155 expression and that an antagomir can rescue PU.1 expression, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

    • Stefano Alivernini
    • , Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
    •  & Gianfranco Ferraccioli

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The physiological role of crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and macrophages is unclear. Here, Phinney et al. show that MSCs transfer mitochondria to macrophages under oxidative stress, and desensitize macrophages to mitochondria by using microvesicles to repress Toll receptor signalling.

    • Donald G. Phinney
    • , Michelangelo Di Giuseppe
    •  & Luis A. Ortiz

  • Article |

    Compromised function of regulatory T cells can lead to autoimmunity. Here the authors show that miR-125a stabilizes regulatory T-cell function and is downregulated in lupus and Crohn’s disease, as well as autoimmune mouse models, and that a chemical miR-125a analogue reverts established disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

    • Wen Pan
    • , Shu Zhu
    •  & Nan Shen

  • Article |

    How the magnitude of the response is regulated in different T-cell memory subsets remains poorly understood. Here the authors show that miR-181 lowers the threshold of Th17 memory activation via sustained Erk phosphorylation, while Erk-dependent induction of ID3 limits Th17 activity at later time.

    • Federico Mele
    • , Camilla Basso
    •  & Silvia Monticelli

  • Article
    | Open Access

    MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) is known for its function in neurogenesis and axonal extension but its role in the immune responses in the brain is not fully understood. Here, Yao et al. show that miR-9 is involved in the activation of microglia, cells of the myeloid origin that are involved in immune surveillance in the brain.

    • Honghong Yao
    • , Rong Ma
    •  & Shilpa Buch

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Exosomes released from cells can transfer RNA to recipient cells. In this study, the authors demonstrate that microRNAs in exosomes from T cells can be transferred to antigen-presenting cells during immune synapsis, and that this can alter gene expression, suggesting a new form of cellular communication.

    • María Mittelbrunn
    • , Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
    •  & Francisco Sánchez-Madrid

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