Featured
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Article
| Open Access
A Machine Learning-Driven Virtual Biopsy System For Kidney Transplant Patients
Despite being recommended, day-zero biopsies are often not performed, due to the cost and time. Here, the authors show that machine learning and donor’s basic parameters can predict the biopsy, offering a reliable virtual estimation of the day-zero biopsy findings.
- Daniel Yoo
- , Gillian Divard
- & Alexandre Loupy
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Article
| Open Access
Deep learning-based phenotyping reclassifies combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (cHCC-CCA) are challenging to diagnose, as they exhibit features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). Here, the authors use deep learning to re-classify cHCC-CCA tumours into HCC or ICCA based on histopathology images.
- Julien Calderaro
- , Narmin Ghaffari Laleh
- & Jakob Nikolas Kather
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Article
| Open Access
Decentralized federated learning through proxy model sharing
Federated learning enables multi-institutional collaborations on decentralized data with improved privacy protection. Here, authors propose a new scheme for decentralized federated learning with much less communication overhead and stronger privacy.
- Shivam Kalra
- , Junfeng Wen
- & H. R. Tizhoosh
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Article
| Open Access
Bridging clinic and wildlife care with AI-powered pan-species computational pathology
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential of assisting the study and diagnosis of veterinary cancers. Here, the authors build a cancer digital pathology atlas encompassing multiple animal species and demonstrate an AI approach for comparative pathology, which yields insights about immune response and morphological similarities.
- Khalid AbdulJabbar
- , Simon P. Castillo
- & Yinyin Yuan
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Article
| Open Access
PCR-like performance of rapid test with permselective tunable nanotrap
Lateral flow assays are valuable rapid diagnostic tests, but low sensitivity can hinder their precision. Here, the authors report an enrichment method using nanoporous AAO and red blood cell membranes, which when applied to patient samples prior to analysis can improve sensitivity up to 20-fold.
- Seong Jun Park
- , Seungmin Lee
- & Jeong Hoon Lee
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Article
| Open Access
TEFM variants impair mitochondrial transcription causing childhood-onset neurological disease
Van Haute et al describe autosomal recessive TEFM variants that impair mitochondrial transcription elongation and reduce the levels of promoter distal mitochondrial RNA transcripts, leading to heterogeneous mitochondrial diseases with a treatable neuromuscular transmission defect.
- Lindsey Van Haute
- , Emily O’Connor
- & Rita Horvath
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Article
| Open Access
Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains
Performing multiple histological stains on a biopsy can be costly and time consuming. Here the authors present a method for the digital transformation of H&E stained tissue into special stains (e.g., PAS, Masson’s Trichrome and Jones silver stain), and demonstrate that it improves diagnoses over the use of H&E only.
- Kevin de Haan
- , Yijie Zhang
- & Aydogan Ozcan
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Article
| Open Access
Interpretable classification of Alzheimer’s disease pathologies with a convolutional neural network pipeline
Convolutional neural networks have been applied to various areas of medical imaging and histology. Here the authors develop an automated approach using interpretable neural networks to determine Alzheimer’s disease plaque and cerebral amyloid angiopathy burden in post-mortem human brain tissue.
- Ziqi Tang
- , Kangway V. Chuang
- & Brittany N. Dugger
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Article
| Open Access
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is common in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with plaque instability
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a crucial developmental process that also plays a role in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Here the authors show that EndMT contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in mice and humans, and is associated with complex human plaques that may be prone to rupture.
- Solene M. Evrard
- , Laura Lecce
- & Jason C. Kovacic
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Article
| Open Access
Tenascin-C drives persistence of organ fibrosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic disease affecting multiple organs. Here the authors use patient samples plus mouse studies to show a central role for tenascin C as a TLR4 activator responsible for persistence of fibrosis in the context of SSc and SSc-like disease.
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- , Wenxia Wang
- & John Varga
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Article
| Open Access
International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways
Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune liver disease with poor therapeutic options. Here Cordell et al. a perform meta-analysis of European genome-wide association studies identifying six novel risk loci and a number of potential therapeutic pathways.
- Heather J. Cordell
- , Younghun Han
- & Katherine A. Siminovitch
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Alternative α-synuclein transcript usage as a convergent mechanism in Parkinson's disease pathology
The protein α-synuclein is implicated in Parkinson's disease. Rhinn and colleagues perform gene expression analysis and find that specific α-synuclein transcripts are preferentially associated with Parkinson's disease, and that they potentiate the accumulation of α-synuclein protein.
- Herve Rhinn
- , Liang Qiang
- & Asa Abeliovich
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Article
| Open Access
PAR2 absence completely rescues inflammation and ichthyosis caused by altered CAP1/Prss8 expression in mouse skin
The activity of serine proteases, including CAP1/Prss8, is altered in some human skin disorders; however, the downstream effectors of these proteins are relatively unknown. Here, using animal models, the authors show that protease-activated receptor-2 is a critical component of the CAP1/Prss8 signalling cascade.
- Simona Frateschi
- , Eric Camerer
- & Edith Hummler
Artificial intelligence enables precision diagnosis of cervical cytology grades and cervical cancer