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| Open AccessInformation-based TMS to mid-lateral prefrontal cortex disrupts action goals during emotional processing
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is thought to maintain goal-relevant representations that promote cognitive control, but causal evidence has been limited. By targeting action-goal representations in LPFC with transcranial magnetic stimulation and fMRI, the authors found that LPFC promotes goal oriented behaviour during emotional processing. Reviewer recognition:
- R. C. Lapate
- , M. K. Heckner
- & M. D’Esposito
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Article
| Open AccessCingulate microstimulation induces negative decision-making via reduced top-down influence on primate fronto-cingulo-striatal network
The neuronal mechanism of how the prefrontal cortex exerts top-down influence on the cingulo-striatal network during decision-making in depressive states is not fully understood. Here authors showed that negative bias in decision-making can be artificially induced via stimulating such neural network and they observed diminished top-down influences correlating with the depressive state.
- Satoko Amemori
- , Ann M. Graybiel
- & Ken-ichi Amemori
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Article
| Open AccessStress increases hepatic release of lipocalin 2 which contributes to anxiety-like behavior in mice
Cross talk between periphery and the central nervous system may contribute to stress associated behaviours. Here the authors identified liver-derived lipocalin 2 as a peripheral factor that elicits anxiety-like behaviours via modulating medial prefrontal neural activity.
- Lan Yan
- , Fengzhen Yang
- & Li Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessReplication study on the role of dopamine-dependent prefrontal reactivations in human extinction memory retrieval
Dopamine may help strengthen fear-inhibitory extinction memories through influences on the prefrontal cortex. Here, the authors replicate their previous finding that prefrontal reactivations are predictive of extinction memory retrieval but do not replicate the enhancing effects of L-DOPA.
- Elena Andres
- , Hu Chuan-Peng
- & Raffael Kalisch
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Article
| Open AccessSerotonergic modulation of vigilance states in zebrafish and mice
To successfully escape a predator, animals usually maintain a vigilance state, the neural basis of which was unknown. Here, authors show a 5-HT driven mechanism operating at neural circuit level which shapes the vigilance state in zebrafish and mice.
- Yang Zhao
- , Chun-Xiao Huang
- & Jianren Song
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Article
| Open AccessActivity-dependent organization of prefrontal hub-networks for associative learning and signal transformation
Neuronal populations in the prefrontal cortex are involved in associative learning. Here the authors use longitudinal imaging and computational approaches in the mouse prefrontal cortex to observe changes in neuronal ensembles during fear conditioning.
- Masakazu Agetsuma
- , Issei Sato
- & Takeharu Nagai
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Article
| Open AccessAnxious individuals shift emotion control from lateral frontal pole to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Why anxious individuals fail to control emotional behaviour is not well understood. Here, the authors show that highly anxious individuals have a more excitable lateral frontopolar cortex, and fail to recruit this region during emotional action control.
- Bob Bramson
- , Sjoerd Meijer
- & Karin Roelofs
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| Open AccessVentromedial prefrontal neurons represent self-states shaped by vicarious fear in male mice
Observational fear is accompanied by both freezing and escape behavior in rodents. Here, the authors show that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) inhibition disrupts escape behavior specifically, and that vmPFC neural activity represents intermingled information of other- and self-states.
- Ziyan Huang
- , Myung Chung
- & Teruhiro Okuyama
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Article
| Open AccessA functional role of meningeal lymphatics in sex difference of stress susceptibility in mice
The mechanisms underlying sex differences in response to stress are unclear. Here, the authors show that meningeal lymphatics dysfunction modulates the sex difference in the stress susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like behaviours in mice.
- Weiping Dai
- , Mengqian Yang
- & Xiaojing Ye
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Article
| Open AccessKetamine increases activity of a fronto-striatal projection that regulates compulsive behavior in SAPAP3 knockout mice
Intravenous infusion of ketamine rapidly reduces obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Here, the authors show in mice that ketamine acts by increasing activity in a fronto-striatal circuit that causally controls compulsive grooming behaviour.
- Gwynne L. Davis
- , Adelaide R. Minerva
- & Lisa A. Gunaydin
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Article
| Open AccessOver-activation of primate subgenual cingulate cortex enhances the cardiovascular, behavioral and neural responses to threat
Alexander et al. causally implicate over-activity in primate subgenual cingulate in affective and cardiovascular dysfunction relevant to anxiety and depression. Over-activation led to elevated activity in a stress-related network whilst decreasing activity in higher-order prefrontal cognitive regions.
- Laith Alexander
- , Christian M. Wood
- & Angela C. Roberts
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Article
| Open AccessA phenome-wide association and Mendelian Randomisation study of polygenic risk for depression in UK Biobank
Depression is correlated with many brain-related traits. Here, Shen et al. perform phenome-wide association studies of a depression polygenic risk score (PRS) and find associations with 51 behavioural and 26 neuroimaging traits which are further followed up on using Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses.
- Xueyi Shen
- , David M. Howard
- & Andrew M. McIntosh
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| Open AccessOptogenetic stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex Drd1 neurons produces rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects
Ketamine exerts fast-acting anti-depressant responses. Here the authors show that dopamine D1 receptor expressing neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex contribute to these antidepressant-like effects in mice.
- Brendan D. Hare
- , Ryota Shinohara
- & Ronald S. Duman
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Article
| Open AccessAnterior cingulate cortex and its input to the basolateral amygdala control innate fear response
Brain circuits that control innate fear response are essential for an animal’s survival. Here, the authors report how the anterior cingulate cortex and its projection to amygdala control the innate fear response in mice.
- Jinho Jhang
- , Hyoeun Lee
- & Jin-Hee Han
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Article
| Open AccessA dopaminergic switch for fear to safety transitions
Fear memories are overcome only when it is ascertained that fearful responses are not appropriate. Here the authors demonstrate that activity in dopamine neurons is necessary to extinguish fear responses and two distinct dopamine neuron projections exert opposing effects on extinction learning.
- Ray Luo
- , Akira Uematsu
- & Joshua P. Johansen
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Article
| Open AccessNeuro-computational account of how mood fluctuations arise and affect decision making
Fluctuations in mood are known to affect our decisions. Here the authors propose and validate a model of how mood fluctuations arise through a slow integration of positive and negative feedback and report the resulting key changes in brain activity that modulate our decision making.
- Fabien Vinckier
- , Lionel Rigoux
- & Mathias Pessiglione
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Article
| Open AccessOlfactory inputs modulate respiration-related rhythmic activity in the prefrontal cortex and freezing behavior
Nasal airflow and olfactory bulb activity are linked to oscillations in cortical areas. This study shows olfactory input and respiration are correlated with oscillation in the prefrontal cortex during freezing behavior in mice, and attenuation of olfactory inputs can increase behavioral freezing.
- Andrew H. Moberly
- , Mary Schreck
- & Minghong Ma
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Article
| Open AccessAnterior cingulate is a source of valence-specific information about value and uncertainty
Rewards or punishments elicit diverse behavioral responses; however, the neural circuits underlying such flexibility are unclear. Here Monosov shows that this diversity could be supported by neurons in the anterior cingulate that represent expected value and uncertainty in a valence-specific manner.
- Ilya E. Monosov
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Article
| Open AccessMemory consolidation reconfigures neural pathways involved in the suppression of emotional memories
As memories consolidate over time, they become resistant to change, though how this impacts the volitional suppression of memories is not known. Liu and colleagues show that, after overnight consolidation, aversive memories exhibit distributed prefrontal representations and are harder to suppress.
- Yunzhe Liu
- , Wanjun Lin
- & Shaozheng Qin
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Article
| Open AccessRepresentational changes of latent strategies in rat medial prefrontal cortex precede changes in behaviour
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in changing behavioural strategies. Recording neural ensembles in rats, Powell and Redish find that the requirement for those changes is represented in mPFC before they manifest behaviourally, both in tasks that externally force a change and in tasks with self-determined change.
- Nathaniel James Powell
- & A. David Redish
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Article
| Open AccessSpecific frontal neural dynamics contribute to decisions to check
Information seeking is thought to rely on the brain's frontal cortex but which regions specifically control this drive remains unknown. Here the authors show that monkeys deciding to seek information on the current state of the environment showed specific neural dynamics in the lateral prefrontal cortex and midcingulate cortex.
- Frederic M. Stoll
- , Vincent Fontanier
- & Emmanuel Procyk
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Article
| Open AccessThe child brain computes and utilizes internalized maternal choices
Mothers advocate eating healthy foods while children like to eat tasty foods. Lim and colleagues demonstrate that children incorporate their mothers' food choices while deciding what to eat as well as provide the neural correlates of this decision making process.
- Seung-Lark Lim
- , J. Bradley C. Cherry
- & Amanda S. Bruce
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Article
| Open AccessConverging prefrontal pathways support associative and perceptual features of conditioned stimuli
Animals often need to form specific associations between perceptually similar stimuli and the different outcomes they may predict. Howard et al. find that the human brain accomplishes this via enhanced coupling between stable codes of sensory features and flexible codes of stimulus reward value.
- James D. Howard
- , Thorsten Kahnt
- & Jay A. Gottfried
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| Open AccessRule learning enhances structural plasticity of long-range axons in frontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex is associated with foraging behaviour yet the structural changes underlying such rule-based learning remain unclear. Here, the authors imaged OFC axons throughout a digging-based odour discrimination task and found correlations between the rate of bouton turnover and the behavioural strategies of individual mice.
- Carolyn M. Johnson
- , Hannah Peckler
- & Linda Wilbrecht
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Article
| Open AccessCorticostriatal pathways contribute to the natural time course of positive mood
Positive mood can occur as a result of a stimulus or spontaneously. Admon and Pizzagalli measure variations in neural responses to a positive stimulus over time, and identify cortico-striatal interactions associated with sustained positive mood which are reduced in individuals with a history of depression.
- Roee Admon
- & Diego A. Pizzagalli
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Article
| Open AccessLearning-related representational changes reveal dissociable integration and separation signatures in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
Our memory system maintains flexibility by representing both specific events as well as generalizations across events, yet the brain regions supporting each remain unknown. Here the authors reveal dissociable neural signatures of memory separation and integration in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
- Margaret L. Schlichting
- , Jeanette A. Mumford
- & Alison R. Preston
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Article
| Open AccessDeactivation of excitatory neurons in the prelimbic cortex via Cdk5 promotes pain sensation and anxiety
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in pain regulation, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here the authors establish a critical role for mPFC in regulating pain sensation and pain-related anxiety, mediated by activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 signalling pathway.
- Guo-Qiang Wang
- , Cheng Cen
- & Yun Wang
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A causal role of the right inferior frontal cortex in implementing strategies for multi-component behaviour
Complex behaviours, such as driving a car, require the organization and processing of several individual actions. Here, the authors use transcranial magnetic stimulation to demonstrate that the right inferior frontal gyrus determines the strategy used to sequence actions during complex behaviours.
- Gabriel Dippel
- & Christian Beste
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Article
| Open AccessAudience preferences are predicted by temporal reliability of neural processing
Encephalographic brain recordings are often used to characterize neuronal dynamics at the network level in relation to specific behaviours. Here, Dmochowski et al. show that neural activity from a few individuals viewing popular media can predict population-level neural activity in thousands of individuals.
- Jacek P. Dmochowski
- , Matthew A. Bezdek
- & Lucas C. Parra
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| Open AccessAction-value comparisons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex control choice between goal-directed actions
In humans, choice between actions depends on the ability to compare action–outcome values. Here, the authors show that action–outcome values are compared on the basis of the relative advantage of a particular action over alternative actions, which takes place in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the brain.
- Richard W. Morris
- , Amir Dezfouli
- & Bernard W. Balleine
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Structural and functional differences in medial prefrontal cortex underlie distractibility and suppression deficits in ageing
Brain-imaging studies have shown that compared with younger adults, older adults experience an increase in distractibility during working memory tasks. Here, the authors show that the increase in distractibility is in part due to reduced integrity and connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in older adults.
- James Z. Chadick
- , Theodore P. Zanto
- & Adam Gazzaley
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Article |
Single neurons in monkey prefrontal cortex encode volitional initiation of vocalizations
The Broca area is located in the human prefrontal cortex and is involved in voluntary speech. Hage and Nieder now show that a monkey homologue of Broca’s area is similarly responsible for monkey volitional vocalizations.
- Steffen R. Hage
- & Andreas Nieder
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Two principles of organization in the prefrontal cortex are cognitive hierarchy and degree of automaticity
Regional differences in cognitive processing exist in language domains in the brain. Jeon and Friederici study cognitive processing in native German speakers exposed to different languages, and describe the functional and structural features that account for the regional differences.
- Hyeon-Ae Jeon
- & Angela D. Friederici