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| Open AccessAcoustic frequency atomic spin oscillator in the quantum regime
Realising a quantum-backaction-limited oscillator in the acoustic frequency range would have applications in sensing and metrology. Here, the authors reach this goal by demonstrating destructive interference between quantum back-action noise and shot noise down to sub-kHz range in a warm atomic vapor cell.
- Jun Jia
- , Valeriy Novikov
- & Eugene S. Polzik
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Article
| Open AccessFast generation of Schrödinger cat states using a Kerr-tunable superconducting resonator
Schrodinger’s cat states constitute an important resource for quantum information processing, but present challenges in terms of scalabilty and controllability. Here, the authors exploit fast Kerr nonlinearity modulation to generate and store cat states in superconducting circuits in a more scalable way.
- X. L. He
- , Yong Lu
- & Z. R. Lin
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Article
| Open AccessCloaking a qubit in a cavity
Circuit QED with strongly driven cavities is a powerful framework for quantum technologies, but often undesired effects on the qubit are introduced. Here, by using an external tone tailored to destructively interfere with the cavity field, the authors show how a transmon can be protected from these unwanted effects.
- Cristóbal Lledó
- , Rémy Dassonneville
- & Alexandre Blais
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| Open AccessManipulating directional flow in a two-dimensional photonic quantum walk under a synthetic magnetic field
Non-Hermitian phenomena such as non-Hermitian skin effect have a strong impact on open system dynamics. Here, the authors use a photonic quantum walk including a synthetic gauge field to show that the interplay of synthetic flux and dissipation enables the full control over the directional transport.
- Quan Lin
- , Wei Yi
- & Peng Xue
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| Open AccessIn situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using single nanodiamond sensors
Nanodiamonds containing NV centers are promising electron paramagnetic resonance sensors, however applications are hindered by their random orientation. Qin et al. propose a new protocol that makes the technique insensitive to the sensor’s orientation and present a proof-of-principle in situ demonstration.
- Zhuoyang Qin
- , Zhecheng Wang
- & Jiangfeng Du
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Article
| Open AccessMachine learning assisted vector atomic magnetometry
Multiparameter sensors in quantum optics are often complex due to use of external fields. Here the authors demonstrate a simple single-shot all-optical vector atomic magnetometer based on machine learning for the correspondence of the measured signals and the magnetic field.
- Xin Meng
- , Youwei Zhang
- & Yanhong Xiao
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| Open AccessThe complexity of NISQ
Our current understanding of the computational abilities of near-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computing devices is limited, in part due to the absence of a precise definition for this regime. Here, the authors formally define the NISQ realm and provide rigorous evidence that its capabilities are situated between the complexity classes BPP and BQP.
- Sitan Chen
- , Jordan Cotler
- & Jerry Li
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| Open AccessBenchmarking universal quantum gates via channel spectrum
Performing quantum computing in the NISQ era requires reliable information on the gate noise characteristics and their performance benchmarks. Here, the authors show how to estimate the individual noise properties of any quantum process from the noisy eigenvalues of its corresponding quantum channel.
- Yanwu Gu
- , Wei-Feng Zhuang
- & Dong E. Liu
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Article
| Open AccessDevice-independent certification of indefinite causal order in the quantum switch
Quantum theory allows for indefinite causal order, but experimental demonstrations of such scenarios have so far required trust in the internal functioning of the apparatus. Here, the authors point out a scenario where indefinite causal order could be certified in a device-independent way, if one excludes superluminal and retrocausal influences.
- Tein van der Lugt
- , Jonathan Barrett
- & Giulio Chiribella
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-fidelity parametric beamsplitting with a parity-protected converter
The beamsplitter operation is a key component for quantum information processing, but implementations in superconducting circuit-QED usually introduce additional decoherence. Here, the authors exploit the symmetry within a SQUID, driven in a purely differential manner, to realise clean BS operations between two SC cavity modes.
- Yao Lu
- , Aniket Maiti
- & Robert J. Schoelkopf
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Article
| Open AccessConstraints on axion-like dark matter from a SERF comagnetometer
Axions are hypothetical particles that constitute leading candidates for the identity of dark matter. Here, the authors improve previous exclusion bounds on axion-like particles in the range of 1.4–200 peV, and report direct terrestrial limits on the coupling of protons and neutrons with axion-like dark matter.
- Itay M. Bloch
- , Roy Shaham
- & Or Katz
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| Open AccessSynchronization of spin-driven limit cycle oscillators optically levitated in vacuum
Researchers investigate synchronized oscillations of two microspheres optically levitated in vacuum, paving the way for numerous future applications, from classical time crystals to robust sensors or the entanglement of macroscopic objects.
- Oto Brzobohatý
- , Martin Duchaň
- & Stephen H. Simpson
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| Open AccessSimulating Chern insulators on a superconducting quantum processor
Quantum simulations of topological matter with superconducting qubits have been attracting attention recently. Xiang et al. realize 2D and bilayer Chern insulators with synthetic dimensions on a programmable 30-qubit-ladder superconducting processor, showing bulk-boundary correspondence.
- Zhong-Cheng Xiang
- , Kaixuan Huang
- & Heng Fan
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| Open AccessEntanglement in the quantum phases of an unfrustrated Rydberg atom array
Rydberg atom arrays are a promising platform for simulating many-body systems. The authors introduce a tensor-network method to compute phase diagrams of infinite arrays with long-range interactions and experimental-scale finite arrays, unveiling a new entangled phase and offering a guide for experiments.
- Matthew J. O’Rourke
- & Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
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Article
| Open AccessRevealing intrinsic domains and fluctuations of moiré magnetism by a wide-field quantum microscope
By carefully inducing twists or lattice stacking offsets between two adjacent van der Waals crystals, a superlattice potential can be introduced. This Moire lattice offers an incredibly rich physics, ranging from superconductivity to exotic magnetism, depending on van der Waals materials in question. Here, Du et al. study the magnetic domains in twisted CrI3, and show that despite this domain structure, spin fluctuations are spatially homogenous.
- Mengqi Huang
- , Zeliang Sun
- & Chunhui Rita Du
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| Open AccessRealizing tight-binding Hamiltonians using site-controlled coupled cavity arrays
The authors demonstrate a programmable and mappable silicon photonic coupled cavity array capable of implementing a wide range of tight-binding Hamiltonians. This work is useful for realizing integrated photonic analog quantum simulators.
- Abhi Saxena
- , Arnab Manna
- & Arka Majumdar
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Article
| Open AccessSecurity of quantum key distribution from generalised entropy accumulation
Security proofs against general attacks are the ultimate goal of QKD. Here, the authors show how the Generalised Entropy Accumulation Theorem can be used, for some classes of QKD scenarios, to translate security proofs against collective attacks in the asymptotic regime into proofs against general attacks in the finite-size regime.
- Tony Metger
- & Renato Renner
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| Open AccessExtending the coherence of spin defects in hBN enables advanced qubit control and quantum sensing
Negatively-charged boron vacancy centers in hBN have short coherence times, hindering their potential as quantum sensors. By employing dynamical decoupling, the authors achieve an ensemble coherence time approaching the fundamental relaxation limit, enabling sensitive detection of MHz range electromagnetic fields.
- Roberto Rizzato
- , Martin Schalk
- & Dominik B. Bucher
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| Open AccessShadow estimation of gate-set properties from random sequences
In order to be practical, schemes for characterizing quantum operations should require the simplest possible gate sequences and measurements. Here, the authors show how random gate sequences and native measurements (followed by classical post-processing) are sufficient for estimating several gate set properties.
- J. Helsen
- , M. Ioannou
- & I. Roth
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Article
| Open AccessMachine learning the microscopic form of nematic order in twisted double-bilayer graphene
Machine learning methods in condensed matter physics are an emerging tool for providing powerful analytical methods. Here, the authors demonstrate that convolutional neural networks can identify nematic electronic order from STM data of twisted double-layer graphene—even in the presence of heterostrain.
- João Augusto Sobral
- , Stefan Obernauer
- & Mathias S. Scheurer
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Article
| Open AccessA lab-based test of the gravitational redshift with a miniature clock network
Testing general relativity with optical clocks is important both as a fundamental test and for metrological applications. Here, a vertical linear array of 5 separate ensembles of strontium atoms trapped in a single optical lattice is used to perform a blinded lab-based test of the gravitational redshift at the mm to cm scale.
- Xin Zheng
- , Jonathan Dolde
- & Shimon Kolkowitz
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| Open AccessEnhancing quantum teleportation efficacy with noiseless linear amplification
Continuous-variable quantum networks are easier to implement than discrete-variable ones, but suffer from a lower teleportation fidelity. Here, the authors demonstrate a CV teleportation protocol exploiting heralded noiseless amplification to increase the fidelity, at the expense of probabilistic operation.
- Jie Zhao
- , Hao Jeng
- & Ping Koy Lam
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| Open AccessProbing the symmetry breaking of a light–matter system by an ancillary qubit
Hybrid quantum systems, such as superconducting qubits interacting with microwave photons in resonators, offer a rich platform for exploring fundamental physics. Wang et al. observe parity symmetry breaking in a probe qubit dispersively coupled to a resonator in the deep-strong coupling regime.
- Shuai-Peng Wang
- , Alessandro Ridolfo
- & J. Q. You
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| Open AccessNonlinear feedforward enabling quantum computation
The ability to perform nonlinear feedforward operations - that is, conditional operations controlled by nonlinear function of the measurement outcomes - is still a missing ingredient for measurement-based quantum computation. Here, the authors fill this gap using nonlinear electro-optical feedforward and non-Gaussian ancillary states.
- Atsushi Sakaguchi
- , Shunya Konno
- & Akira Furusawa
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| Open AccessQuantum simulation of exact electron dynamics can be more efficient than classical mean-field methods
It is often assumed that systems that can be analyzed accurately via mean-field theory would not be worth looking at using quantum algorithms, given entanglement plays no key role. Here, the authors show instead that a quantum advantage can be expected for simulating the exact time evolution of such electronic systems.
- Ryan Babbush
- , William J. Huggins
- & Joonho Lee
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| Open AccessDeep quantum neural networks on a superconducting processor
Experimental studies about the trainability and generalization capacities of quantum neural networks are highly in need. Here, the authors implement a previously proposed parametrization and training scheme using a 6-qubit superconducting quantum processor.
- Xiaoxuan Pan
- , Zhide Lu
- & Luyan Sun
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Article
| Open AccessCavity-enhanced single-shot readout of a quantum dot spin within 3 nanoseconds
Single-shot readout of optically active spin qubits is typically limited by low photon collection rates and measurement back-action. Here the authors overcome these limitations by using an open cavity approach for single-shot readout of a semiconductor quantum dot and demonstrate record readout time of a few ns.
- Nadia O. Antoniadis
- , Mark R. Hogg
- & Richard J. Warburton
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| Open AccessInductively shunted transmons exhibit noise insensitive plasmon states and a fluxon decay exceeding 3 hours
Alternative superconducting qubit designs with improved performance are attracting attention. Here the authors introduce an inductively shunted transmon qubit that offers protection against flux noise and measures quantum tunneling between fluxon states that are shown to be stable for hours.
- F. Hassani
- , M. Peruzzo
- & J. M. Fink
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| Open AccessOut-of-distribution generalization for learning quantum dynamics
Generalization - that is, the ability to extrapolate from training data to unseen data - is fundamental in machine learning, and thus also for quantum ML. Here, the authors show that QML algorithms are able to generalise the training they had on a specific distribution and learn over different distributions.
- Matthias C. Caro
- , Hsin-Yuan Huang
- & Zoë Holmes
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| Open AccessPhononic bath engineering of a superconducting qubit
Hybrid quantum acoustic systems integrating qubits with phonons offer a novel platform for investigating open quantum systems. Kitzman et al. report control of superposition states of a transmon qubit under the effect of drive and dissipation by engineering its coupling to a bath of surface acoustic wave phonons.
- J. M. Kitzman
- , J. R. Lane
- & J. Pollanen
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| Open AccessQuantum simulation of thermodynamics in an integrated quantum photonic processor
The emergence of relaxation in unitarily evolving systems can be seen as a paradox, but not once the distinction between local and global dynamics is considered. Here, the authors use photons in an integrated optical interferometer to show that, for a system evolving unitarily on a global level, single-mode measurements converge to those of a thermal state.
- F. H. B. Somhorst
- , R. van der Meer
- & J. J. Renema
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Article
| Open AccessDemonstration of quantum-digital payments
There are different quantum algorithms developed for the security of current cryptographic concepts. Here the authors demonstrate a method to perform quantum-secured digital payments using unforgeable quantum cryptograms over an optical fiber link and verify the information-theoretic security.
- Peter Schiansky
- , Julia Kalb
- & Philip Walther
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| Open AccessSimultaneous single-qubit driving of semiconductor spin qubits at the fault-tolerant threshold
As the size of quantum processors scales up, accurate characterization of errors due to various crosstalks between qubits becomes important. Here the authors use a novel benchmarking protocol to study single-gate fidelities in a 2x2 hole spin qubit array in germanium when qubits are driven simultaneously.
- W. I. L. Lawrie
- , M. Rimbach-Russ
- & M. Veldhorst
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| Open AccessSingle-emitter quantum key distribution over 175 km of fibre with optimised finite key rates
Future single-photon-based quantum networks will require both reliable telecom single-photon sources and improvements in security analysis. Here, the authors show how to use quantum dots and difference frequency generation to perform long-distance QKD, also reducing secure key acquisition time thanks to improved analytical bounds.
- Christopher L. Morrison
- , Roberto G. Pousa
- & Alessandro Fedrizzi
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| Open AccessStochastic representation of many-body quantum states
Variational approaches combined with machine learning are promising for solving quantum many-body problems, but they often suffer from scaling and optimization issues. Here the authors demonstrate that a stochastic representation of wavefunctions enables reducing the ground state search to standard regression.
- Hristiana Atanasova
- , Liam Bernheimer
- & Guy Cohen
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| Open AccessWitnessing light-driven entanglement using time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Quantum Fisher information is a measure of entanglement that has been previously extracted from equilibrium spectra of quantum materials. Here the authors extend this approach to non-equilibrium systems probed by time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements.
- Jordyn Hales
- , Utkarsh Bajpai
- & Yao Wang
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| Open AccessHierarchical entanglement shells of multichannel Kondo clouds
Understanding the structure of the Kondo cloud formed by conduction electrons screening the impurity spin is a long-standing problem in many-body physics. Shim et al. propose the spatial and energy structure of the multichannel Kondo cloud, by studying quantum entanglement between the impurity and the channels.
- Jeongmin Shim
- , Donghoon Kim
- & H.-S. Sim
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| Open AccessQuantum bath suppression in a superconducting circuit by immersion cooling
Removing excess energy (cooling) and reducing noise in superconducting quantum circuits is central to improved coherence. Lucas et al. demonstrate cooling of a superconducting resonator and its noisy environment to sub-mK temperatures by immersion in liquid 3He.
- M. Lucas
- , A. V. Danilov
- & S. E. de Graaf
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| Open AccessOperator growth from global out-of-time-order correlators
Out-of-time-ordered correlators of local operators can quantify information scrambling in quantum many-body systems, but they are not easily accessible in experiments. Here the authors show that their global versions can be used for the same purpose and has been measured in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.
- Tianci Zhou
- & Brian Swingle
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Article
| Open AccessCoherent dynamics of strongly interacting electronic spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride
The boron vacancy center in hBN has been intensively studied, but its characterizations have remained limited. Here the authors achieve a 5-fold enhancement of coherence time using dynamical decoupling, which enables the direct estimation of defect concentration and its electric field susceptibility.
- Ruotian Gong
- , Guanghui He
- & Chong Zu
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| Open AccessQuantum simulation of Hawking radiation and curved spacetime with a superconducting on-chip black hole
Recently, the theory of Hawking radiation of a black hole has been tested in several analogue platforms. Shi et al. report a fermionic-lattice model realization of an analogue black hole using a chain of superconducting transmon qubits with tuneable couplers and show the stimulated Hawking radiation.
- Yun-Hao Shi
- , Run-Qiu Yang
- & Heng Fan
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Article
| Open AccessThermal disruption of a Luttinger liquid
Low-energy excitations of strongly correlated systems are described by the Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid theory. Here the authors employ Bragg spectroscopy to demonstrate a spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid in 6Li atoms using charge and spin excitations.
- Danyel Cavazos-Cavazos
- , Ruwan Senaratne
- & Randall G. Hulet
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Article
| Open AccessTunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits
The two frequency-modulated superconducting qubits act as a trembling mirror for microwave photons with on-demand tunable directionality.
- Elena S. Redchenko
- , Alexander V. Poshakinskiy
- & Johannes M. Fink
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Article
| Open AccessWigner-molecularization-enabled dynamic nuclear polarization
Wigner molecules, or correlated localized electron states, has been reported in semiconductor quantum dots, but their interaction with environment has been less explored. Here the authors use the spin multiplet structure of a three-electron Wigner molecule to enhance and control dynamic nuclear polarization.
- Wonjin Jang
- , Jehyun Kim
- & Dohun Kim
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Article
| Open AccessNeural-network decoders for measurement induced phase transitions
Measurement-induced phase transitions are notoriously difficult to observe. Here, the authors propose a neural-network-based method to map measurement outcomes to the state of reference qubits, allowing observation of the transition and extracting its critical exponents.
- Hossein Dehghani
- , Ali Lavasani
- & Michael J. Gullans
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| Open AccessCoherent control of an ultrabright single spin in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature
Optically active defects in hBN are promising for quantum sensing and information applications, however, coherent control of a single defect has not been achieved so far. By using an efficient method to produce arrays of defects in hBN, Guo et al. isolate a new carbon-related defect and show its coherent control.
- Nai-Jie Guo
- , Song Li
- & Guang-Can Guo
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum behavior of the Duffing oscillator at the dissipative phase transition
Classical mechanics predicts a bistability in the dynamics of the Duffing oscillator, a key model of nonlinear dynamics. By performing quantum simulations of the model, Chen et al. explain the bistability by quantum metastable states with long lifetimes and reveal a first-order dissipative phase transition.
- Qi-Ming Chen
- , Michael Fischer
- & Rudolf Gross
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum process tomography with unsupervised learning and tensor networks
In quantum technologies, scalable ways to characterise errors in quantum hardware are highly needed. Here, the authors propose an approximate version of quantum process tomography based on tensor network representations of the processes and data-driven optimisation.
- Giacomo Torlai
- , Christopher J. Wood
- & Leandro Aolita
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| Open AccessDemonstrating multi-round subsystem quantum error correction using matching and maximum likelihood decoders
Quantum error correction will be the key to allow large-scale quantum computing operations in the future. Here, the authors use a superconducting qubit system to demonstrate quantum error correction of a distance-three logical qubit in the heavy-hexagon subsystem code.
- Neereja Sundaresan
- , Theodore J. Yoder
- & Maika Takita