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ID4 controls mammary stem cells and marks breast cancers with a stem cell-like phenotype
Basal-like breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis; however, its cellular origins and aetiology are poorly understood. Here the authors provide evidence that ID4 is a key controller of mammary stem/progenitor cell self-renewal, acting upstream of Notch signalling to repress luminal fate commitment.
- Simon Junankar
- , Laura A. Baker
- & Alexander Swarbrick
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| Open AccessClonal culturing of human embryonic stem cells on laminin-521/E-cadherin matrix in defined and xeno-free environment
Laminin-511 and its cell-binding domain support long-term self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells in xeno-free culture conditions. Here the authors show that a xeno-free culture matrix consisting of a full-length laminin-521 and the cell–cell adhesion protein E-cadherin supports clonal expansion of human embryonic stem cells.
- Sergey Rodin
- , Liselotte Antonsson
- & Karl Tryggvason
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Modulation of β-catenin function maintains mouse epiblast stem cell and human embryonic stem cell self-renewal
Wnt/β-catenin signalling can regulate both self-renewal and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Here Kim et al.show that transcriptional regulation by nuclear β-catenin induces the differentiation of mouse epiblast stem cells and human embryonic stem cells, whereas cytoplasmic β-catenin supports their self-renewal.
- Hoon Kim
- , Jun Wu
- & Qi-Long Ying
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Collagen VI regulates satellite cell self-renewal and muscle regeneration
Satellite cells have important roles in homeostasis and regeneration of skeletal muscles. Urciuolo et al. show that the extracellular matrix protein collagen VI is required for preserving satellite cell self-renewal and muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivoby modulating muscle mechanical properties.
- Anna Urciuolo
- , Marco Quarta
- & Paolo Bonaldo
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The RB family is required for the self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells
While human embryonic stem cells (ESC) hold great therapeutic promise, many aspects of their basic biology remain poorly understood. Conklin et al.show that too much or too little activation of RB family proteins is detrimental to human ESC populations and identify unique cell cycle regulatory networks in these cells.
- Jamie F. Conklin
- , Julie Baker
- & Julien Sage
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Trim71 cooperates with microRNAs to repress Cdkn1a expression and promote embryonic stem cell proliferation
Embryonic stem cells have a shortened cell cycle that allows for rapid proliferation, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. Here, a microRNA target, Trim71, is shown to inhibit the expression of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, thus enabling the G1–S phase cell cycle transition in embryonic stem cells.
- Hao-Ming Chang
- , Natalia J. Martinez
- & Richard I. Gregory
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Drosophila follicle stem cells are regulated by proliferation and niche adhesion as well as mitochondria and ROS
Stem cells are thought to be tethered in their niche via adhesion molecules and the inhibition of cell differentiation. Here, the authors screened for genes required for maintainingDrosophilaovarian follicle stem cells and found their function to depend on cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and niche adhesion.
- Zhu A. Wang
- , Jianhua Huang
- & Daniel Kalderon
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| Open AccessDrosophila neuroblasts retain the daughter centrosome
Asymmetric partitioning of centrosomes has been reported inDrosophilaneuroblasts, but whether this type of division has implications for stem cell self-renewal is unclear. In this study, the authors show that the asymmetric division of the centrosomes correlates with the asymmetric fate of the cells and that the daughter centrosome is retained by the neuroblast.
- Jens Januschke
- , Salud Llamazares
- & Cayetano Gonzalez
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Non-muscle myosin II regulates survival threshold of pluripotent stem cells
When cultured as single cells, embryonic stem cells have low viability. Here, blebbistatin, a non-muscle myosin II inhibitor, is shown to enhance the cloning efficiency, viability and adhesion of both human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cellsin vitro.
- Andrea Walker
- , Hua Su
- & Noboru Sato