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Parkinson disease psychosis comprises a spectrum of illusions, hallucinations and delusions that emerge during the disease course. This Review considers clinical, neuroimaging and neurochemical evidence that might aid early identification of psychotic phenomena in people with Parkinson disease and inform new therapeutic strategies.
Autonomic nervous system dysregulation contributes to the chronic, debilitating disorders referred to as ‘long COVID’ or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Here, Goldstein describes a multisystem, multidisciplinary approach to understanding PASC-induced alterations in feedback-regulated, plastic networks that determine homeostasis and allostasis.
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in a wide variety of neurological conditions. In this Review, Ravichandran and Heneka discuss current understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological disorders and consider interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation.
This Review provides a comprehensive summary of the growing number of molecular therapies for the treatment of myasthenia gravis, including monoclonal antibodies, B cell-depleting agents and chimeric antigen receptor T cell-based therapies.
In this Perspective, Zech and Winkelmann outline multidimensional strategies for genetic diagnosis in patients with rare movement disorders and highlight community-driven data-sharing and case-matchmaking platforms designed to foster the discovery of new genotype–phenotype relationships.
Huntington disease (HD)-like 2 (HDL2) is a rare HD phenocopy that seems to be confined to people with African ancestry. This Review summarizes our current knowledge of HDL2 and highlights the need for further studies of neurodegenerative diseases on the African continent.
Schizophrenia is a leading cause of global disability but lacks therapies that target all aspects of the disease. This Review summarizes our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, highlighting potential targets for new drug development.
Using integrative multiomics, a new study has shed light on the aetiology of ischaemic stroke. By probing the mechanisms underlying stroke, such approaches could aid the development of therapies and improve risk prediction and stratification, with the ultimate aim of developing personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
This Perspective proposes a tripartite model involving the amygdala, hippocampus and striatum as key structures underlying cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson disease. The authors explore the anatomical and functional relationships of the structures and summarize evidence of their involvement in the cognitive aspects of the disease.
Clinical boundaries between neurology and psychiatry hamper understanding of disorders with phenotypes that span these disciplines. In this Review, Peall et al. discuss rare genetic brain disorders with neurological and psychiatric phenotypes, and consider common underlying mechanisms that could be therapeutic targets.
A new study indicates that African American people with multiple sclerosis have higher markers of humoral disease pathology than white people with multiple sclerosis. However, apparent differences in pathophysiology between ethnic groups cannot be fully interpreted without more comprehensive studies that examine the effects of social inequality on disease.
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer disease. In this Review, the authors examine the potential of key molecules in the pathophysiology as biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia and consider the challenges of clinical translation.
The incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is rapidly rising in line with global obesity rates. This Review summarizes evidence suggesting that the condition is not idiopathic but is instead related to systemic metabolic and hormonal perturbations and should thus be considered a metabolic disease.
This Review describes the emerging landscape of diagnostic, categorical and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and considers the role of these biomarkers in the rapidly evolving landscape of new therapeutics for this condition.
New guidelines for designing controlled clinical trials for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) have been published. The design of such trials remains a challenge, as the heterogeneity of IIH necessitates different outcome measures for specific clinical presentations.
The limited success of amyloid-β-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease has led to a shift in focus towards the tau protein. This Review provides an update on the initial trials of tau-targeting therapies, focusing particularly on immunotherapies, and considers future directions for these therapies.
The underlying cause of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) remains enigmatic, but an increased risk among spouses of people with AD has led to speculation of transmissibility. A mouse study now suggests that the transfer of microbiota could underlie this potential transmissibility, but the findings leave many questions unanswered.
Understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying cerebral malaria remains incomplete despite intense scrutiny. Hadjilaou et al. discuss potential treatment strategies targeting pathogen replication and clearance, host–pathogen interactions at the cerebrovasculature or leveraging host innate and adaptive immunity.
The term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)–frontotemporal spectrum disorder encompasses a spectrum ranging from pure motor ALS to ALS with frontotemporal dementia. This Review focuses on the cognitive and behavioural impairments that are found in the mid-range of this spectrum.
Acquired neurocognitive impairment affects 30–50% of the 38 million people living with HIV worldwide. Here, the authors provide an overview of the proposed mechanisms of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and describe potential and emerging therapeutics and non-pharmacological interventions.