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| Open AccessHigh-performance blue OLED using multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence host materials containing silicon atoms
Effective energy transfer and suppressed dopant aggregation is critical for realizing efficient organic light-emitting diodes. Here, the authors report six host materials capable of exhibiting enhanced thermal stability and film-formation behavior, demonstrating efficiency of over 30% at 1000 cd/m2.
- Dongmin Park
- , Seokwoo Kang
- & Soo Young Park
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Article
| Open AccessAn X-ray free-electron laser with a highly configurable undulator and integrated chicanes for tailored pulse properties
Since their initial operation, free-electron lasers are regularly upgraded in their performance and parameter control. Here the authors present the first lasing results of the soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline of the Paul Scherrer Institute, demonstrating different modes of operation and polarisation control of the tailored soft X-ray pulses.
- Eduard Prat
- , Andre Al Haddad
- & Tobias Weilbach
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Article
| Open AccessMinimizing non-radiative decay in molecular aggregates through control of excitonic coupling
Exciton delocalization in molecular aggregates is suggested to counteract the Energy Gap Law. Here, authors reveal the underlying physical picture and find the optimal excitonic coupling that minimizes nonradiative decay by nearly exact simulations.
- Yuanheng Wang
- , Jiajun Ren
- & Zhigang Shuai
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Article
| Open AccessLong operating lifetime mid-infrared LEDs based on black phosphorus
Mid-infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on black phosphorus (BP) have shown promising performance, but they are usually limited by the environmental instability of the material. Here, the authors extrapolate a room-temperature operational lifetime of BP LEDs up to ~ 15,000 h via Al2O3 passivation and nitrogen seal packaging.
- Naoki Higashitarumizu
- , Shogo Tajima
- & Ali Javey
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| Open AccessHybridization of short-range and long-range charge transfer excited states in multiple resonance emitter
Multi resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are the next-generation blue dopants for organic light-emitting diodes. Here, the authors develop two isomeric emitters with hybridized long-range and short-range charge transfer excited states and realize device efficiency of 30.8%.
- Ha Lim Lee
- , Jihoon Kang
- & Jun Yeob Lee
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-efficiency, flexible and large-area red/green/blue all-inorganic metal halide perovskite quantum wires-based light-emitting diodes
Cao et al. reports highly efficient, flexible, and larger-area Red/Green/Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes based on all-inorganic metal halide perovskite quantum wires arrays fabricated by porous alumina membranes assisted solution method.
- Yang Bryan Cao
- , Daquan Zhang
- & Zhiyong Fan
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Article
| Open AccessMesitylated trityl radicals, a platform for doublet emission: symmetry breaking, charge-transfer states and conjugated polymers
Neutral π-radicals are potential emitters for optoelectronic devices due to the absence of energetically low-lying non-emissive states. Here, the authors report mesityl-substituted tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radicals and achieve maximum device efficiency of 28% at a wavelength of 689 nm.
- Petri Murto
- , Rituparno Chowdhury
- & Hugo Bronstein
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Article
| Open AccessCarbene-stabilized enantiopure heterometallic clusters featuring EQE of 20.8% in circularly-polarized OLED
Chiral coinage metal clusters show promise for use in emerging circularly polarized light-emitting materials and diodes but research on efficient circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) with enantiopure metal clusters remains elusive. Herein, the authors design a multidentate chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand which is used in the synthesis of enantiopure Au(I)-Cu(I) clusters with exceptional stability and demonstrate application of these clusters in the fabrication of CP-OLEDs
- Xiao-Hong Ma
- , Jing Li
- & Shuang-Quan Zang
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-speed scanless entire bandwidth mid-infrared chemical imaging
The authors present a fast mid-infrared hyperspectral chemical imaging technique that uses chirped pulse upconversion of sub-cycle pulses at the image plane, with lateral resolution of 15 µm and an adjustable field of view and large spectral range. They demonstrate identification and mapping different components in a microfluidic device, plant cell, and mouse embryo.
- Yue Zhao
- , Shota Kusama
- & Takao Fuji
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Article
| Open AccessLongevity gene responsible for robust blue organic materials employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence
High throughput virtual screening of robust blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters has yet been implemented. Here, authors reveal a linear relationship of the difference between bond dissociate energy and first triplet state energy with the logarithm of device operational lifetime.
- Qing-Yu Meng
- , Rui Wang
- & Juan Qiao
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Article
| Open Access400nm ultra-broadband gratings for near-single-cycle 100 Petawatt lasers
Gratings are used for pulse compression and stretching in chirped pulse amplification (CPA) or optical parametric CPA methods. Here the authors demonstrate ultra-broadband gold gratings that can compress single-cycle pulses with powers around 100 petawatts.
- Yuxing Han
- , Zhaoyang Li
- & Jianda Shao
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Article
| Open AccessTwo-photon imaging of soliton dynamics
The authors present a moving-parts-free approach for visualizing soliton motion in optical cavities that lifts the wavelength and speed constraints of contemporary pulsed laser diagnostic techniques.
- Łukasz A. Sterczewski
- & Jarosław Sotor
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Article
| Open AccessIntramolecular charge transfer enables highly-efficient X-ray luminescence in cluster scintillators
X-ray luminescence efficiency of copper halide clusters is limited by nonradiative charge transfer. Here, Zhang et al. report highly emissive radioluminescence of Cu4I4 cubes by functionalizing biphosphine ligands with acridine, unlocking the potential use as low-cost and eco-friendly scintillators.
- Nan Zhang
- , Lei Qu
- & Hui Xu
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Article
| Open AccessInterfacial interaction and intense interfacial ultraviolet light emission at an incoherent interface
Incoherent interfaces usually have weak interfacial interactions and lack of unique properties. Here, Yan et al. demonstrate unexpected strong interfacial interactions and intense ultraviolet light emission at an incoherent AlN/Al2O3 interface.
- Xuexi Yan
- , Yixiao Jiang
- & Xiu-Liang Ma
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Article
| Open AccessConfining donor conformation distributions for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence with fast spin-flipping
The distribution of dihedral angles in film state has significant influence on excited state lifetimes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. Here authors report conformation distribution confinement strategy to achieve fast spin-flipping for efficient organic light-emitting diodes.
- Weidong Qiu
- , Denghui Liu
- & Shi-Jian Su
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-efficiency and stable short-delayed fluorescence emitters with hybrid long- and short-range charge-transfer excitations
To possess a small singlet-triplet energy gap and a large oscillator strength simultaneously is critical for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters. Here, the authors attach an multiresonance-acceptor onto a sterically-uncrowded donor for realizing a device efficiency of 40.4%.
- Guoyun Meng
- , Hengyi Dai
- & Lian Duan
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Article
| Open AccessFemtosecond-precision electronic clock distribution in CMOS chips by injecting frequency comb-extracted photocurrent pulses
A clock distribution network (CDN) is a ubiquitous element that provides synchronized clocks to all circuit blocks in the chip. Here the authors demonstrate femtosecond-precision distribution of clocks in CMOS chips using optical frequency combs and driverless CDNs.
- Minji Hyun
- , Hayun Chung
- & Jungwon Kim
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Article
| Open AccessUnveiling the complexity of spatiotemporal soliton molecules in real time
The authors present the real-time spectral-temporal dynamics of 3D soliton molecules, highlighting the importance of nonlinear spatiotemporal coupling in the dynamics of spatiotemporal mode-locking.
- Yuankai Guo
- , Wei Lin
- & Zhongmin Yang
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| Open AccessRealizing efficient blue and deep-blue delayed fluorescence materials with record-beating electroluminescence efficiencies of 43.4%
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials are important for the development of OLED materials but the development of robust blue emitting materials remains challenging. Here, the authors report three highly efficient blue and deepblue delayed fluorescence materials demonstrating excellent electroluminescence performance.
- Yan Fu
- , Hao Liu
- & Zujin Zhao
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| Open AccessUltra-low-current driven InGaN blue micro light-emitting diodes for electrically efficient and self-heating relaxed microdisplay
The size-dependent efficiency degradation issues of micro-light-emitting diodes are obstacles for efficient microdisplays development. Here, Baek et al. demonstrate an epitaxial engineering strategy to alleviate the efficiency degradations and achieve low operating temperature of pixels.
- Woo Jin Baek
- , Juhyuk Park
- & Sang Hyeon Kim
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Article
| Open AccessPerovskite quantum dot one-dimensional topological laser
Topological lasers often suffer from low directionality, and/or complex design requirements hindering operation at small wavelengths. Here, by using a few monolayers of perovskite quantum dots, the authors demonstrate a lithography-free, vertical-emitting, single-mode laser emitting in the green.
- Jingyi Tian
- , Qi Ying Tan
- & Cesare Soci
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Article
| Open AccessVisualizing electroluminescence process in light-emitting electrochemical cells
The recombination between electrons and holes in electroluminescence processes has never been directly evaluated. Here, Yasuji et al. directly visualize, with spectroscopic techniques, operation dynamics in light-emitting electrochemical cells during device operation, leading to a rapid device evaluation.
- Kosuke Yasuji
- , Tomo Sakanoue
- & Katsuichi Kanemoto
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Article
| Open AccessAttosecond-Angstrom free-electron-laser towards the cold beam limit
Free-electron lasers (FELs) can produce bright X-ray pulses, but require high quality electron beams. Here the authors show how to generate and preserve ultrabright electron beams from plasma-based accelerators for ultra-compact, high-brightness X-ray FELs.
- A. F. Habib
- , G. G. Manahan
- & B. Hidding
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Article
| Open AccessA sub-wavelength Si LED integrated in a CMOS platform
Integrated photonic systems require nanoscale on-chip light sources. Here Li et al., fabricate a silicon chip with LEDs smaller than the wavelength of light. This characteristic implies a partially coherent light emission, which allows the realization of an all-silicon holographic microscope.
- Zheng Li
- , Jin Xue
- & Rajeev J. Ram
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Article
| Open AccessPhotonic Majorana quantum cascade laser with polarization-winding emission
THz integrate light sources represent an important building blocks for various applications. Here the authors report an electrically driven topological laser based on photonic Majorana zero mode that can convert electricity directly into THz single-mode laser with topologically nontrivial beams.
- Song Han
- , Yunda Chua
- & Qi Jie Wang
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Article
| Open AccessSelf-evolving photonic crystals for ultrafast photonics
Generation and control of short pulse is desired for ultrafast applications. Here the authors demonstrate ultrafast pulse generation using self-evolving photonic crystal that can transition from high loss to low loss state based on dynamic dispersion compensation.
- Takuya Inoue
- , Ryohei Morita
- & Susumu Noda
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Article
| Open AccessSuppressing phase disproportionation in quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes
Quasi-2D halide perovskites are attracting increasing attention for light-emitting devices. Here, the authors demonstrated efficient and stable quasi-2D perovskite LEDs enabled by suppressed phase disproportionation with newly designed organic ligands.
- Kang Wang
- , Zih-Yu Lin
- & Letian Dou
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Article
| Open AccessBlue light-emitting diodes based on colloidal quantum dots with reduced surface-bulk coupling
The surface localized charges in colloidal quantum dots induce a degradation that limits the electroluminescence performance. Here, Chen et al. propose quantum dots with monmonotonically-graded core/shell/shell structures to boost the device’s performance by reducing the surface-bulk coupling.
- Xingtong Chen
- , Xiongfeng Lin
- & Song Chen
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Article
| Open AccessExperimental realisations of the fractional Schrödinger equation in the temporal domain
Studies on the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) remain mostly theoretical, due to the lack of materials supporting fractional dispersion or diffraction. Here, the authors indirectly realized the FSE using two programmable holograms acting as an optical Lévy waveguide.
- Shilong Liu
- , Yingwen Zhang
- & Ebrahim Karimi
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Article
| Open AccessCircularly polarized electroluminescence from a single-crystal organic microcavity light-emitting diode based on photonic spin-orbit interactions
Nanoscale circularly polarized light sources are an important building block for future integrated photonics. Here the authors demonstrate circularly polarized light emission from a thin organic single crystal light-emitting diode.
- Jichao Jia
- , Xue Cao
- & Hongbing Fu
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Article
| Open AccessConstructing high-efficiency orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters by three-dimension molecular engineering
The design of high-efficiency solution-processable orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters remains to be a challenge. Here, the authors synthesize a series of emitters consisting of a trinaphtho[3,3,3]propellane core with highly efficient emission in the orange-red region of the spectrum.
- Lei Hua
- , Yuchao Liu
- & Zhongjie Ren
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Article
| Open AccessSpin-decoupling of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers with complete phase modulation using on-chip integrated Jones matrix metasurfaces
Here the authors harness the on-chip integration of Jones matrix metasurfaces to demonstrate an ultra-compact approach to access and manipulate the optical spin states of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with previously unattainable phase controllability.
- Pei-Nan Ni
- , Pan Fu
- & Patrice Genevet
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Article
| Open AccessSynergistic passivation and stepped-dimensional perovskite analogs enable high-efficiency near-infrared light-emitting diodes
Defect-assisted nonradiative recombination and carrier aggregation at the interface hinder the potential of perovskites as emitter for light-emitting diodes. Here, Fang et al. achieve an external quantum efficiency of 24.1% by combining multidimensional perovskite with cascade conduction bands.
- Yongjie Liu
- , Chen Tao
- & Guojia Fang
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Article
| Open AccessOptically trapped room temperature polariton condensate in an organic semiconductor
The authors demonstrate on-the-fly reconfigurable optical trapping of organic polariton condensates which are delocalised over a macroscopic distance from the excitation region, holding great potential for future work on polaritonic lattice physics.
- Mengjie Wei
- , Wouter Verstraelen
- & Hamid Ohadi
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Article
| Open AccessA warm-white light-emitting diode based on single-component emitter aromatic carbon nitride
Designing single-component materials with white-light electroluminescence is highly demanded for artificial lighting applications. Here, the authors fabricate a single-component white-light electroluminescence device based on an aromatic carbon nitride material with high maximum luminance and external quantum efficiency.
- Yunhu Wang
- , Kunpeng Wang
- & Jun Xing
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Article
| Open AccessSensitivity and spectral control of network lasers
Nanophotonic light sources with programmable emission spectrum are important building blocks for integrated photonics, sensing and optical computing. Here the authors tune the complex laser spectrum of a network laser achieving selective lasing of a single, two or more modes.
- Dhruv Saxena
- , Alexis Arnaudon
- & Riccardo Sapienza
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Article
| Open AccessTopological polarization singular lasing with highly efficient radiation channel
Here the authors develop topological polarization singular lasers that feature paired radiation channels carrying distinct topological properties which leads to single mode lasing with high external quantum efficiency.
- Yun-Gang Sang
- , Jing-Yu Lu
- & Ren-Min Ma
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Article
| Open AccessFarey tree and devil’s staircase of frequency-locked breathers in ultrafast lasers
Fractal optical solitons were studied in theory while it is cumbersome their experimental realization in optics setups. Here, the authors find that breathing solitons in lasers constitute fractals―the devil’s staircases, which are around 3000 times more stable than classical ones.
- Xiuqi Wu
- , Ying Zhang
- & Heping Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessChip-scale high-peak-power semiconductor/solid-state vertically integrated laser
Here the authors demonstrate chip-scale high-peak-power lasers by vertical integration of semiconductor and solid state laser gain mediums to reach the same maturity level as existing semiconductor lasers, which are suitable for miniaturization and cost-effective mass production.
- Jianglin Yue
- , Kenji Tanaka
- & Masanao Kamata
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Article
| Open AccessResolving molecular diffusion and aggregation of antibody proteins with megahertz X-ray free-electron laser pulses
The European X-ray FreeElectron Laser Facility generates ultrashort hard X-ray pulses with megahertz repetition rate. Here, the authors probe the dynamics of dense antibody protein (Ig-PEG) solutions using megahertz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at the European XFEL.
- Mario Reiser
- , Anita Girelli
- & Christian Gutt
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Article
| Open AccessA platform for blue-luminescent carbon-centered radicals
Organic radicals, which have unique doublet spin-configuration, provide an alternative method to overcome the efficiency limitation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) but extending their fluorescence into a short-wavelength region remains challenging. Here, the authors significantly expand the scope of luminescent radicals by showing a new platform of carbon-centered radicals that produce blue to green emission.
- Xin Li
- , Yi-Lin Wang
- & Ying-Feng Han
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrated Pockels laser
On-Chip integration of laser systems led to impressive development in many field of application like LIDAR or AR/VR to cite a few. Here the authors harness Pockels effect in an integrated semiconductor platform achieving fast on-chip configurability of a narrow linewidth laser.
- Mingxiao Li
- , Lin Chang
- & Qiang Lin
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Article
| Open AccessFluorescence-based monitoring of the pressure-induced aggregation microenvironment evolution for an AIEgen under multiple excitation channels
The develop of organic functional materials requires the exploration of the pressure dependent emissive mechanisms of molecular structures, conformations and stacking modes. Here, Tong et al propose a strategy for monitoring the pressure-induced fluorescence under multiple excitation channels.
- Shuang Tong
- , Jianhong Dai
- & Xinggui Gu
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Article
| Open AccessAll-fluorescence white organic light-emitting diodes with record-beating power efficiencies over 130 lm W‒1 and small roll-offs
High power efficiency and low roll-off values are essential to the commercialization of white organic light-emitting diodes. Here, the authors construct all-fluorescence devices with an orange emitting layer sandwiched between two sky-blue emitting layers, achieving figure-of-merit of 130.7 lm/W.
- Hao Liu
- , Yan Fu
- & Zujin Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessA polymer electrolyte design enables ultralow-work-function electrode for high-performance optoelectronics
Ambient-stable solution-processed conductive materials with a low work function are essential to facilitate electron injection. Here, the authors design and synthesise polymer electrolyte with work function down to 2.2 eV for applications in high-performance light-emitting diodes and solar cells.
- Bo Tong
- , Jinhong Du
- & Wencai Ren
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Article
| Open AccessToward a BT.2020 green emitter through a combined multiple resonance effect and multi-lock strategy
The authors combine multiple resonance effect and multi-lock strategy to dope green-emitting thermally activated delayed fluorescent molecules into green-emitting phosphorescence OLEDs by endowing the device with a Broadcast Service Television 2020 color-gamut, 50% improved EQE, and a high luminescence of half a million nits.
- Junyuan Liu
- , Yunhui Zhu
- & Qisheng Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessRoom-temperature electrical control of polarization and emission angle in a cavity-integrated 2D pulsed LED
2D semiconductors offer a promising platform for the realization of compact and CMOS-compatible optoelectronic components. Here, the authors report the realization of light-emitting diodes based on 2D WSe2 integrated with a planar cavity, showing the electrical control of the emission angle and polarization at room temperature.
- Juan Francisco Gonzalez Marin
- , Dmitrii Unuchek
- & Andras Kis
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Article
| Open AccessA mid-infrared lab-on-a-chip for dynamic reaction monitoring
Rapid investigation of chemical reactions is a challenge in bio-medical analysis. Here, the authors demonstrate sensitive in-situ real-time reaction-monitoring of conformational changes in protein solution, based on a fingertip-sized mid-IR lab-on-a-chip.
- Borislav Hinkov
- , Florian Pilat
- & Gottfried Strasser
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Article
| Open AccessMegahertz pulse trains enable multi-hit serial femtosecond crystallography experiments at X-ray free electron lasers
Free-electron lasers are capable of high repetition rates and it is assumed that protein crystals often do not survive the first X-ray pulse. Here the authors address these issues with a demonstration of multi-hit serial crystallography in which multiple FEL pulses interact with the sample without destroying it.
- Susannah Holmes
- , Henry J. Kirkwood
- & Connie Darmanin